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. 2014 May 12;5:168. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00168

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Copyright © 2014 Kothari, Wohlgemuth, Hulgard, Surlykke and Moss.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Platform experiment. (A) Distance vs. time for each type of target motion of the tethered mealworm. The blue line represents simple motion in only one direction, while the red and black lines are the more complicated, back-and-forth motions. (B) Left, example oscillogram of a sequence of vocalizations produced by a bat tracking a tethered mealworm in the setup shown in (A) moving in the simple motion trajectory. Right, spectrograms of the pulses highlighted by the red and green boxes on the left demonstrating the stereotyped changes in duration and frequency that are correlated with target distance. (C) Quantification of changes in pulse duration and pulse interval as a bat tracks a moving target on the setup shown in (A).