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. 2013 Apr;3(2):93–102. doi: 10.1016/S2222-1808(13)60052-3

Table 1. Clinical studies of M. charantia.

Study design Subjects Form of M. charantia administered Treatmentduration Outcome measures Statisticalsignificance Reference
Open-label uncontrolled supplementation trial 42 individuals 4.8 g lyophilized wild type bitter gourd powder in capsules 3 months MetS risk factors Yes [105]
Random design 26 subjects Tablets 4 weeks fructosamine assays Yes [60]
Multicenter, randomized, double-blind,active-control trial 4 groups Capsule contained 500 mg of dried powder of the fruit pulp, containing 0.04-0.05% (w/w) of charantin 4 weeks Fructose amine Yes [32]
Double-blind randomized controlled trial 40 with T2D (twenty trial and twenty control subjects) Commercial herbal supplement capsules 3 months HbA1c No [106]
Controlled trial 15 with T2D in 3 groups Methanol extract of ground whole fruit 1 week Fasting + postprandial blood glucose Yes [107]
Randomized controlled trial 50 with T2D (26 trial and 24 control subjects) Tablets from dried whole fruit 4 weeks (1) Fasting postprandial blood Glucose (2) Fructose amine No [108]
Case series 100 with T2D Fresh fruit Singletreatment (1) Fasting glucose(2) 2 h post OGTT Yes [109]
Case series 12 with impaired OGTT Arm 1: dried fruitArm 2: aqueous extract 3-7 weeks Arm1: postprandial blood glucose Arm2: postprandial blood sugar þ HbA1c Arm 1: NoArm 2: Yes [110]
Case series 14 with T2D and 6 with T1D Seeds Singletreatment Postprandial blood glucose Yes [111]
Case series 18 with DM Juice from seedless fruits Singletreatment OGTT Yes [112]
Case series 8 with DM Powdered dried fruit 1 week (1) Fasting glucose level (2)Glycosuria (3) OGTT Yes [113]
Case series 9 T2D Fresh fruit juice + fried fruit Single treatment, then 7-11 weeks (1) OGTT (2) HbA1c (1) Yes (with juice)No (with fried fruit) (2) Yes (with fried fruit) [114]
Case series 19 with DM ‘Polypeptide-p’ isolated from M. charantia Single treatment Blood glucose Yes [115]
Controlled trial Trial subjects: 9 DM Control subjects: 5 DM + 5 normal Aqueous extract refined to subcutaneous injection (v- insulin) Single treatment Blood glucose Yes [116]
Case series 15 with DM Fresh fruit juice and dried powder 6-14 weeks OGTT No [117]