Figure 3.

Model of evolution of pharyngeal dentition in correlation with the trophic apparatus and diet. Labeonini and Poropuntiini differ in their mouth position, as well as the height of the pharyngeal cavity. For the position of the mouth, Labeonini is illustrated with Mekongina erythropsila, and Poropuntiini with Poropuntius carinatus. The arrows indicate the position of the mouth opening. These observations are congruent with data available on the diet of these species: in Labeonini, eight species are recognized as microphagous and one species as omnivorous, whereas in Poropuntiini, most species are omnivorous or zoophagous. All these factors can be correlated with the difference in dental patterns (both tooth number and tooth shape) between the two groups. All categories of tooth shapes are described in the text and detailed in the electronic supplementary material, figure S5.