Reagents and conditions: i,
PhCHO, NaHSO3, AcNMe2, 150 °C, open flask;
ii, CDI; iii, aq. NH3; iv, ArCOCl, pyridine; v, aq. NaOH
(0.5 M), 60°C; vi, +NH4HCO2–, Pd/C, MeOH, DMF; vii, BBr3, CH2Cl2 reflux; viii, CbzCl, aq. K2CO3; ix, SOCl2; x, 5a, pyridine; xi, aq. K2CO3 (1.0 M), 100°C; xii, HBr, AcOH.