Table 1.
PARK genes
| Locus | Gene | Inheritance | Clinical presentation | Pathology |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Well-validated genes | ||||
| PARK1/4 | SNCA | AD | Typical parkinsonism with early-onset, rapid progression, and sometimes associated with dementia | Lewy bodies |
| PARK2 | Parkin | AR | Early-onset parkinsonism with very slow progression, sleep benefit, and sometimes dystonia | Usually no Lewy bodies |
| PARK6 | PINK-1 | AR | Early-onset parkinsonism with slow progression | Unknown |
| PARK7 | DJ-1 | AR | Similar to Parkin mutation | Unknown |
| PARK8 | LRRK-2 | AD | Typical parkinsonism (incomplete penetrance) | Usually Lewy bodies, sometimes tangles |
| PARK9 | ATP13A2 | AR | Early-onset parkinsonism with pyramidal sign, dementia, and gaze palsy | Unknown |
| PARK14 | PLAG2G5 | AR | Adult-onset parkinsonism with dystonia and pyramidal sign | Lewy bodies |
| Putative genes | ||||
| PARK3 | Unknown | AD | Late-onset parkinsonism | |
| PARK5 | UCHL1 | AD | Late-onset parkinsonism | |
| PARK10 | Unknown | Not clear | Late-onset parkinsonism | |
| PARK11 | GIGYF2 | AD | Late-onset parkinsonism | |
| PARK13 | Omi/HTRA2 | Not clear | Not clear | |
| PARK15 | FBXO7 | AR | Early-onset parkinsonism with pyramidal involvement | |
AD: autosomal dominant, AR: autosomal recessive.