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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Phon. 2013 Nov;41(6):393–406. doi: 10.1016/j.wocn.2013.07.004

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Degree of retroflexion of post-vocalic stops is shown for IE and L1 as a function of the speakers' native language background. Retroflexion was measured as the difference between the F2 and F3 offset values in the preceding vowel (note: T = /ʈ/, D = /ɖ/).