. 2014 May 20;9(5):e97577. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097577

Table 3. Physical function data for the Exercise group and Social group at baseline (T0) and after 6 weeks (T1).

	Exercise group				Social group				Exercise vs. Social
Physical function tests	Pre-measure (T0) (Mean ± SD)	Post-measure (T1) (Mean ± SD)	T0 - T1 (%)	N	Pre-measure (T0) (Mean ± SD)	Post-measure (T1) (Mean ± SD)	T0 - T1 (%)	N	d	U	p*
Domain: Walking endurance
Six Minute Walk Test (m)	216.8±90.60	254.6±99.0	+17%	15	252.4±105.2	221.8±110.8	−12%	14	0.70^M	51.00	.031*
Domain: Leg strength
Sit to Stand test (no.)	7.9±3.3	8.7±3.3	+10%	16	8.8±3.0	8.3±3.2	−5%	16	0.41^S	94.0	.210
Quadriceps strength test (kg)^a	21.8±10.7	22.7±10.5	+4%	16	25.8±10.2	20.5±6.3	−20%	9	0.66^M	28.0	.012*
Domain: Mobility
Timed Up and Go Test (s)	18.5±8.7	16.6±6.2	+10%	16	17.6±7.4	18.4±8.9	+5%	16	0.35^S	171.5	.102
Six-meter Timed Walk (m/s)	0.8±0.3	0.9±0.3	+18%	16	0.9±0.2	0.8±0.2	−11%	16	0.91^L	51.0	.003*
Domain: Balance
FICSIT-4	2.4±1.0	2.8±0.6	+15%	16	2.7±1.0	2.7±1.2	−1%	16	0.43^S	92.0	.184
Figure of Eight speed (m/s)	0.4±0.2	0.5±0.2	+14%	16	0.5±0.3	0.5±0.2	−2%	16	0.32^S	97.0	.254
Figure of Eight oversteps (no.)	6.7±6.2	5.8±6.6	+14%	16	5.9±8.1	7.8±9.3	−33%	16	0.39^S	172.5	.093

Note: SD, Standard deviation; T0, Baseline; T1, 6-week posttest; FICSIT-4, Frailty and Injuries Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques;

, small Cohen's d effect size;

, medium Cohen's d effect size;

, large Cohen's d effect size;

, maximum knee extension force of the strongest leg (e.g. left or right) was measured at pretest and posttest; *, Bonferroni corrected p-values were set at p < 0.05 for domain walking endurance, p<.025 for domain leg strength, p<.025 for domain mobility, and p<.017 for domain balance.