Table 1.
Categorical correlates of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptability among heterosexual men (n=296)
| No. willing to get HPV vaccine/total no. in category (n%) | Bivariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age (y) | |||
| 18–26 | 13/34 (38) | 1.17 (0.54 to 2.55) | – |
| 27–45 | 49/126 (39) | 1.21 (0.73 to 1.99) | – |
| 46–59 | 47/136 (35) | ref. | – |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 79/230 (34) | ref. | – |
| Other race/ethnicity | 30/66 (45) | 1.59 (0.91 to 2.78) | – |
| Marital status | |||
| Divorced, widowed, separated, never married | 49/97 (51) | ref. | ref. |
| Living with partner or married | 60/199 (30) | 0.42 (0.26 to 0.70)** | 0.59 (0.31 to 1.12) |
| Parent of daughter aged 9–26 y† | |||
| No | 30/210 (38) | ref. | – |
| Yes | 29/86 (34) | 0.83 (0.49 to 1.40) | – |
| Education | |||
| No college degree | 76/197 (39) | ref. | – |
| College degree | 33/99 (33) | 0.80 (0.48 to 1.32) | – |
| Household income | |||
| <$60000 | 52/147 (35) | ref. | – |
| ≥$60000 | 57/149 (38) | 1.13 (0.71 to 1.82) | – |
| Employment status | |||
| Not currently employed | 18/58 (31) | ref. | – |
| Currently employed | 91/238 (38) | 1.38 (0.74 to 2.54) | – |
| Health insurance status | |||
| No | 18/52 (35) | ref. | – |
| Yes | 91/244 (37) | 1.12 (0.60 to 2.10) | – |
| Urbanicity | |||
| Rural | 12/54 (22) | ref. | ref. |
| Urban | 97/242 (40) | 2.34 (1.17 to 4.67)* | 3.63 (1.47 to 8.96)** |
| Geographic region | |||
| Midwest | 22/64 (34) | ref. | – |
| Northeast | 18/52 (35) | 1.01 (0.47 to 2.18) | – |
| South | 42/113 (37) | 1.13 (0.60 to 2.15) | – |
| West | 27/67 (40) | 1.29 (0.63 to 2.62) | – |
| HPV and HPV vaccine | |||
| Awareness and knowledge about HPV | |||
| Never heard of HPV prior to survey | 39/114 (34) | 0.50 (0.26 to 0.96)* | 0.41 (0.18 to 0.97)* |
| Heard of HPV, low knowledge | 41/125 (33) | 0.47 (0.25 to 0.89)* | 0.27 (0.11 to 0.64)** |
| Heard of HPV, high knowledge | 29/57 (51) | ref. | ref. |
| Heard of HPV vaccine prior to survey | |||
| No | 39/110 (35) | ref. | – |
| Yes | 70/186 (38) | 1.10 (0.67 to 1.79) | – |
| Family member or friend has gotten HPV vaccine | |||
| No | 99/268 (37) | ref. | – |
| Yes | 10/28 (36) | 0.95 (0.42 to 2.14) | – |
| Think doctor would recommend HPV vaccine | |||
| No | 19/110 (17) | ref. | ref. |
| Don’t know | 58/139 (42) | 3.43 (1.89 to 6.24)** | 2.67 (1.30 to 5.47)** |
| Yes | 32/47 (68) | 10.22 (4.65 to 22.46)** | 9.02 (3.45 to 23.60)** |
| Health and health behaviours | |||
| Smoking status | |||
| Non-smoker | 71/221 (32) | ref. | ref. |
| Smoker | 38/75 (51) | 2.17 (1.27 to 3.70)** | 1.32 (0.67 to 2.60) |
| Hepatitis B vaccination history | |||
| No doses received/Don’t know | 78/225 (35) | ref. | – |
| At least one dose received | 31/71 (44) | 1.46 (0.85 to 2.52) | – |
| Age at first sexual intercourse (y) | |||
| <16 | 29/71 (41) | 1.25 (0.73 to 2.16) | – |
| ≥16 | 80/225 (36) | ref. | – |
| Number of lifetime sexual partners | |||
| <5 | 35/123 (29) | ref. | ref. |
| ≥5 | 74/173 (43) | 1.88 (1.15 to 3.08)* | 1.45 (0.76 to 2.74) |
| Prior STI diagnosis (other than HIV) | |||
| No | 93/263 (35) | ref. | – |
| Yes | 16/33 (48) | 1.72 (0.83 to 3.56) | – |
The multivariate model included variables from tables 1 and 2 bivariately associated (p<0.05) with willingness to get HPV vaccine. The multivariate model did not include variables with dashes (−). History of HIV infection and prior diagnosis of cancer or lesions were not examined due to only one participant reporting a history of each.
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01.
†
Approved age range for HPV vaccine for females in the United States.
HPV, human papillomavirus; ref., referent group; STI, sexually transmitted infection.