Figure 6.Ulk1 and Ulk2 have opposing effects on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. (A) Knockdown of Ulk1, Ulk2, and Atg5 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (day 8) enhanced basal glucose uptake. Values are mean ± SD from 3 independent experiments. (B) Western blot analysis of protein expression in cells from (A). (C) Knockdown of Ulk1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (day 8) enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, whereas knockdown of Ulk2 or Atg5 showed opposing effects. Glucose uptake rate was indirectly measured using 2-DG, an analog of glucose. Values are mean ± SD **P < 0.01 relative to control cells. (D) Dual functional model for ULK1 in the regulation of metabolism in adipocytes.