Table 2.
Effects of self-efficacy and conscientiousness on changes in diabetes outcomes
| Diabetes regimen distress | Diabetes emotional burden | Light physical activity | Percent calories from fat | Medication non-adherence | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results of ANCOVA models with self-efficacy (N = 392) | |||||
| F (P) | F (P) | F (P) | F (P) | F (P) | |
| Group | 1.84 (0.16) | 0.49 (0.61) | 4.05 (0.02) | 0.32 (0.73) | 2.86 (0.06) |
| Gender | 0.35 (0.55) | 0.08 (0.77) | 0.05 (0.82) | 0.92 (0.34) | 1.97 (0.16) |
| Insulin | 0.53 (0.47) | 0.15 (0.70) | 0.00 (0.99) | 0.29 (0.59) | 2.71 (0.10) |
| Ethnicity | 0.03 (0.86) | 3.51 (0.06) | 0.01 (0.93) | 2.91 (0.09) | 5.97 (0.02) |
| Education | 3.56 (0.03) | 0.16 (0.85) | 0.09 (0.91) | 0.69 (0.50) | 0.55 (0.58) |
| Years since diagnosis | 0.44 (0.51) | 0.01 (0.91) | 0.15 (0.70) | 1.51 (0.22) | 1.45 (0.23) |
| Comorbidities/complication | 0.65 (0.42) | 3.50 (0.06) | 0.18 (0.67) | 0.16 (0.69) | 0.99 (0.32) |
| Age | 0.27 (0.61) | 1.98 (0.16) | 0.06 (0.80) | 9.54 (0.002) | 1.30 (0.26) |
| Baseline value of outcome | 224.61 (0.001) | 136.95 (0.001) | 24.32 (0.001) | 527.88 (0.001) | 344.60 (0.001) |
| Self-efficacy | 6.13 (0.01) | 0.49 (0.48) | 3.70 (0.05) | 15.25 (0.001) | 1.26 (0.26) |
| Results of ANCOVA models with conscientiousness (N = 392) | |||||
| Group | 1.62 (0.20) | 0.55 (0.58) | 3.97 (0.02) | 0.36 (0.70) | 3.01 (0.05) |
| Gender | 0.29 (0.59) | 0.12 (0.73) | 0.01 (0.92) | 0.56 (0.46) | 1.75 (0.19) |
| Insulin | 0.47 (0.49) | 0.24 (0.62) | 0.00 (.1.00) | 0.18 (0.68) | 3.26 (0.07) |
| Ethnicity | 0.004 (0.95) | 3.56 (0.06) | 0.01 (0.94) | 2.55 (0.11) | 6.02 (0.02) |
| Education | 3.78 (0.02) | 0.42 (0.66) | 0.10 (0.90) | 0.97 (0.38) | 0.22 (0.80) |
| Years since diagnosis | 0.87 (0.35) | 0.001 (0.97) | 0.03 (0.86) | 0.57 (0.45) | 1.00 (0.32) |
| Comorbidities/complication | 0.40 (0.53) | 3.79 (0.05) | 0.69 (0.42) | 0.97 (0.33) | 0.80 (0.37) |
| Age | 0.26 (0.61) | 2.63 (0.11) | 0.01 (0.93) | 11.54 (0.001) | 2.32 (0.13) |
| Baseline value of outcome | 232.21 (0.001) | 148.69 (0.001) | 21.98 (0.001) | 538.82 (0.001) | 364.04 (0.001) |
| Conscientiousness | 2.00 (0.16) | 7.23 (0.008) | 0.20 (0.66) | 2.72 (0.10) | 16.24 (0.001) |
| Results of ANCOVA models with both self-efficacy and conscientiousness (N = 392) | |||||
| Self-efficacy | 5.82 (0.01) | 0.29 (0.59) | 3.87 (0.05) | 14.27 (0.001) | 0.66 (0.42) |
| Conscientiousness | 1.70 (0.19) | 7.00 (0.008) | 0.38 (0.54) | 1.80 (0.18) | 15.58 (0.001) |