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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurochem. 2014 Feb 12;129(5):850–863. doi: 10.1111/jnc.12655

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Behavioral phenotyping of E2f1tm1 animals. A) Survival curve of E2f1tm1 mice compared to WT. The median lifespan of E2f1tm1 mice is approximately 25% less than that of WT (NWT=27, NTM=37, p<.01, log-rank and Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon tests). B) E2f1tm1 mice display age-dependent deficits in olfaction. (i–ii.) Odor habituation paradigms using ethyl heptanoate (C9)- ethyl caprylate (C10) ester odorant pairs on (i.) P40 and (iii.) P365+ postnatal age groups (N=7 per group.) Normalized exploratory time is represented as exploratory time in Trial 8/Trial 1. (iii.) Summary of normalized exploratory index of (Trial 8 – Trial 7)/Trial 1 across age groups (N=7 per group). (iv.) General anosmia test on all age groups reveal the similar age-dependent olfactory deficits (N=7 per group.) Black bars represent the WT retrieval time of scented cracker, hatched bars represent that of E2f1tm1, and gray bars represent that of both genotypes of unscented marble. C) E2f1tm1 mice display age-dependent deficits in memory. (i–ii.) Short-term 1-hour delay (i.) and long-term 24 hour delay (ii.) novel object recognition and memory task across all age groups (N=7 per group). * denotes statistical significance in the critical comparison made between the normalized exploratory time of object 3 (light gray bars) and that of object 1 (dark gray bars). Bolded text on the x-axis denotes the age groups of when E2f1tm1 mice failed the task. D) E2f1tm1 mice display age-dependent elevated anxiety. Light/dark box paradigm (N=7–9 per group) show that E2f1tm1 (gray bars) spend less time in the light chamber compared to the WT (black bars) at age P90 and greater. Hatched bars at P90 represent results from mice of both genotypes obtained directly from Jackson laboratory and revealed similar results as mice bred in our colony. E) E2f1tm1 mice have comparable basal activity level as WT. Total beam-break counts in activity chamber of WT (black bars) and E2f1tm1 (gray bars) on two representative age groups P90 and P365+ (P90 N=5, P365+ NWT=6 and NTM=8). F) E2f1tm1 mice do not exhibit any deficits in motor functioning. (i.–ii.) Latency to fall from the accelerating rotarod of WT (closed symbol) and E2f1tm1 (open symbol) on two representative age groups P90 (i.) and P365+ (ii.) (P90 N=5, P365+ NWT=6 and NTM=8 ). All data are represented as mean ± SEM (*, Student’s t-test; α ≤ 0.05).