Table 2.
Associations between individual factors and perceived neighbourhood disorder (three-level logistic regression)
| Odds ratio for high perceived neighbourhood disorder (95 % CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR | Model 1a | Model 2b | ||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Female | 1.26 | (0.95–1.68) | 1.20 | (0.90–1.61) | 1.49 | (1.08–2.05)* |
| Age | ||||||
| 16–24 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 25–34 | 0.62 | (0.39–0.98)* | 0.74 | (0.44–1.24) | 0.75 | (0.44–1.28) |
| 35–44 | 0.63 | (0.39–1.02) | 0.79 | (0.47–1.34) | 0.81 | (0.46–1.40) |
| 45–54 | 0.76 | (0.43–1.32) | 0.76 | (0.42–1.37) | 0.78 | (0.42–1.43) |
| 55–64 | 0.47 | (0.26–0.85)* | 0.46 | (0.24–0.88)* | 0.47 | (0.24–0.92)* |
| 65+ | 0.57 | (0.32–1.01) | 0.42 | (0.19–0.91)* | 0.51 | (0.23–1.13) |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Black Caribbean | 0.89 | (0.50–1.61) | 0.65 | (0.36–1.20) | 0.65 | (0.35–1.21) |
| Black African | 0.66 | (0.39–1.11) | 0.55 | (0.32–0.93)* | 0.57 | (0.33–0.99)* |
| Asian | 0.63 | (0.29–1.41) | 0.58 | (0.27–1.24) | 0.68 | (0.30–1.53) |
| Other | 0.64 | (0.38–1.07) | 0.52 | (0.30–0.88)* | 0.52 | (0.30–0.91)* |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Non-manual | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Manual | 0.95 | (0.58–1.54) | 0.80 | (0.48–1.34) | 0.79 | (0.47–1.32) |
| Student | 1.66 | (1.05–2.63)* | 1.10 | (0.64–1.88) | 1.07 | (0.61–1.87) |
| Unemployed | 1.71 | (1.01–2.89)* | 1.24 | (0.69–2.24) | 1.18 | (0.64–2.17) |
| Ec Inactive | 1.23 | (0.82–1.85) | 1.09 | (0.63–1.91) | 1.04 | (0.58–1.84) |
| Household income | ||||||
| <5 k | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| £5–12 k | 1.34 | (0.69–2.62) | 1.49 | (0.76–2.91) | 1.74 | (0.87–3.48) |
| £12–20 k | 1.11 | (0.56–2.19) | 1.27 | (0.64–2.55) | 1.46 | (0.71–3.00) |
| £20–31 k | 0.91 | (0.47–1.75) | 1.10 | (0.56–2.19) | 1.18 | (0.57–2.42) |
| >£31 k | 0.73 | (0.42–1.25) | 0.88 | (0.47–1.68) | 0.97 | (0.50–1.87) |
| Don’t know | 0.98 | (0.52–1.85) | 0.97 | (0.51–1.87) | 1.12 | (0.58–2.19) |
| Education | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| GCSE | 1.10 | (0.64–1.91) | 1.02 | (0.57–1.86) | 1.04 | (0.56–1.94) |
| A-Level | 1.02 | (0.61–1.70) | 0.92 | (0.51–1.66) | 0.91 | (0.50–1.65) |
| Degree or above | 0.62 | (0.37–1.02) | 0.60 | (0.32–1.12) | 0.61 | (0.32–1.14) |
| Ever victimised | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 1.80 | (1.31–2.49)*** | 1.49 | (1.05–2.10)* | ||
| Ever witnessed violence | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 2.12 | (1.54–2.92)*** | 2.02 | (1.43–2.87)*** | ||
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
aModel controlled for sex, age, ethnicity, household income, education and occupation
bControlled for sex, age, ethnicity, household income, education, occupation, victimisation and witnessing violence