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. 2014 Mar;21(2):44–53.

Table 1.

Socio-demographic profiles of 209 exposed and 211 non-exposed women to second-hand smoke

Socio-demographic profiles Frequency (%) χ2stat (df) P value
Exposed (n = 209) Non-exposed (n = 211)
Age (years) 28.4 (5.56)a 29.7 (5.33)a 2.45 (418)b 0.015b
17–24 62 (29.7) 37 (17.5) 8.21 (2) 0.016
25–34 110 (52.6) 131 (62.1)
35–44 37 (17.1) 43 (20.4)
Education level 20.35 (2) < 0.001
Primary 16 (7.7) 11 (5.2)
Secondary 162 (77.5) 129 (61.1)
Tertiary 31 (14.8) 71 (33.7)
Occupation 0.61 (1) 0.436
Housewife 106 (50.7) 99 (46.9)
Employed 103 (49.3) 112 (53.1)
Monthly household income (RM) 16.85 (2) < 0.001
< 1000 73 (34.9) 42 (19.9)
1000 – < 2000 85 (40.7) 84 (39.8)
2000 and above 51 (24.4) 85 (40.3)

aMean (Standard Deviation), bindependent t test.

Abbreviation: RM = Ringgit Malaysia.