TABLE 2.
Reported practice and policies for pain management
| Pain tools | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Use of a pain measurement tool (n=59) | |
| Yes | 42 (71.2) |
| No | 16 (27.1) |
| Unsure | 1 (1.7) |
| Types of pain tools used* (n=42) | |
| Faces Pain Scale | 30 (71.4) |
| Verbal numeric scale | 25 (59.5) |
| Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale | 5 (11.9) |
| Visual analogue scale | 4 (9.5) |
| Topical anesthetics | |
|
| |
| Policy for topical anesthetic use for IV insertion (n=59) | |
| Yes | 15 (25.4) |
| No | 39 (66.1) |
| Unsure | 5 (8.5) |
| Types of topical anesthetics used* (n=64) | |
| EMLA (AstraZeneca, United Kingdom) | 54 (84.4) |
| Ametop (Smith & Nephew, United Kingdom) | 11 (17.2) |
| Maxilene (RGR Pharma, Canada) | 5 (7.8) |
| Lidocaine, epinephrine, tetracaine | 10 (15.6) |
| None | 3 (4.7) |
| Procedural sedation | |
|
| |
| Policy for use of paediatric procedural sedation (n=50) | |
| Yes | 22 (44.0) |
| No | 24 (48.0) |
| Unsure | 4 (8.0) |
| Staff present for paediatric procedural sedation* (n=64) | |
| One staff emergency department medical doctor | 33 (51.6) |
| Two staff emergency department medical doctors | 21 (32.8) |
| Anesthesiologist | 13 (20.3) |
| Registered nurse | 39 (60.9) |
| Respiratory therapist | 9 (14.1) |
*
Categories were not mutually exclusive and each institution could report ≥1 response. Ametop Topical amethocaine; EMLA Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics; IV Intravenous; Maxilene Liposomal lidocaine