Table 2.
Prospective associations of social support with elevated inflammation (N = 647).
| Family support | Friend support | Spouse support | Total support | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | BIC | OR (95% CI) | BIC | OR (95% CI) | BIC | OR (95% CI) | BIC | |
| C-reactive protein | ||||||||
| Age & sex adjusted | 0.85 (0.60–1.21) | 734.01 | 0.90 (0.65–1.24) | 734.35 | 0.74 (0.50–1.07) | 732.35 | 0.80 (0.53–1.23) | 733.79 |
| Fully adjusteda | 1.02 (0.66–1.56) | 718.52 | 1.13 (0.79–1.60) | 718.12 | 0.94 (0.60–1.47) | 718.45 | 1.16 (0.71–1.89) | 718.19 |
| Fibrinogen | ||||||||
| Age & sex adjusted | 1.04 (0.70–1.53) | 730.51 | 0.85 (0.60–1.21) | 730.49 | 0.76 (0.50–1.16) | 728.45 | 0.75 (0.47–1.19) | 728.81 |
| Fully adjusteda | 1.15 (0.74–1.77) | 778.83 | 0.93 (0.65–1.34) | 778.79 | 0.83 (0.53–1.28) | 778.01 | 0.85 (0.52–1.37) | 778.60 |
| IL-6 | ||||||||
| Age & sex adjusted | 0.68** (0.48–0.97) | 730.22 | 0.84 (0.60–1.18) | 733.16 | 0.75 (0.51–1.11) | 732.28 | 0.74 (0.474–1.14) | 732.37 |
| Fully adjusteda | 0.76 (0.51–1.13) | 762.06 | 1.01 (0.71–1.43) | 763.86 | 0.9 (0.58–1.38) | 763.61 | 0.96 (0.59–1.57) | 763.83 |
| E-selectin | ||||||||
| Age & sex adjusted | 1.14 (0.77–1.70) | 741.56 | 1.11 (0.81–1.53) | 741.62 | 0.67** (0.46–0.97) | 737.79 | 0.93 (0.61–1.43) | 741.96 |
| Fully adjusteda | 1.25 (0.81–1.95) | 786.90 | 1.29 (0.92–1.80) | 785.95 | 0.76 (0.52–1.12) | 786.34 | 1.14 (0.72–1.82) | 787.78 |
| ICAM-1 | ||||||||
| Age & sex adjusted | 0.9 (0.62–1.32) | 736.31 | 0.66** (0.48–0.92) | 730.45 | 0.95 (0.63–1.43) | 736.53 | 0.70* (0.45–1.07) | 733.93 |
| Fully adjusteda | 1.03 (0.68–1.57) | 766.83 | 0.77 (0.55–1.07) | 764.61 | 1.14 (0.74–1.76) | 766.51 | 0.88 (0.56–1.37) | 766.55 |
| Inflammation Burden Index | ||||||||
| Age- and sex-adjusted | 0.90 (0.68–1.20) | 1946.93 | 0.87 (0.67–1.12) | 1946.22 | 0.73** (0.53–0.99) | 1943.45 | 0.76* (0.54–1.06) | 1944.79 |
| Fully-adjusteda | 1.16 (0.85–1.57) | 1882.39 | 1.15 (0.88–1.50) | 1882.17 | 0.89 (0.64–1.23) | 1882.80 | 1.09 (0.77–1.56) | 1883.03 |
***
p < 0.01,
**
p < 0.05,
*
p < 0.1; two-tailed test.
a
Controls for age, sex, SNS activity (creatinine-adjusted epinephrine and norepinephrine levels), household income, education, BMI, current smoking status, and medications.