Prospective associations of three domains of social support and elevated inflammation (N = 647)
| C-reactive protein | Fibrinogen | IL-6 | E-selectin | ICAM-1 | Inflammation index | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Age- and sex-adjusted | ||||||
| Family support | 0.94 (0.61–1.44) |
1.04 (0.68–1.59) |
0.72 (0.47–1.10) |
1.28 (0.80–2.06) |
1.17 (0.72–1.90) |
1.11 (0.77–1.60) |
| Friend support | 0.97 (0.68–1.39) |
0.97 (0.66–1.42) |
0.99 (0.67–1.46) |
1.12 (0.78–1.60) |
0.62** (0.42–0.91) |
0.86 (0.64–1.15) |
| Spouse support | 0.76 (0.50–1.14) |
0.74 (0.49–1.11) |
0.84 (0.55–1.30) |
0.59*** (0.40–0.88) |
1.03 (0.65–1.63) |
0.72** (0.52–0.99) |
| BIC | 745.12 | 741.36 | 742.54 | 748.17 | 742.85 | 1955.81 |
| Fully-adjusteda | ||||||
| Family support | 0.97 (0.59–1.60) |
1.10 (0.69–1.77) |
0.71 (0.44–1.13) |
1.25 (0.75–2.09) |
1.21 (0.71–2.08) |
1.23 (0.83–1.81) |
| Friend support | 1.16 (0.78–1.73) |
1.06 (0.72–1.57) |
1.16 (0.78–1.74) |
1.28 (0.88–1.86) |
0.70* (0.47–1.03) |
1.05 (0.78–1.43) |
| Spouse support | 0.92 (0.57–1.47) |
0.78 (0.51–1.20) |
0.97 (0.61–1.54) |
0.66** (0.44–1.00) |
1.18 (0.73–1.88) |
0.80 (0.57–1.14) |
| BIC | 730.86 | 790.53 | 774.44 | 795.13 | 776.17 | 1893.63 |
***
p < 0.01,
**
p < 0.05,
*
p < 0.1; two-tailed test.
a
Controls for age, sex, SNS activity (creatinine-adjusted epinephrine and norepinephrine levels), household income, education, BMI, current smoking status, and medications.