Prospective associations of three domains of social strain and elevated inflammation (N = 647)
| C-reactive protein | Fibrinogen | IL-6 | E-selectin | ICAM-1 | Inflammation index | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Age- and sex-adjusted | ||||||
| Family strain | 1.34 (0.85–2.12) |
1.49* (0.94–2.35) |
2.12*** (1.34–3.36) |
1.31 (0.79–2.16) |
1.27 (0.76–2.12) |
1.65** (1.09–2.49) |
| Friend strain | 1.02 (0.59–1.76) |
1.06 (0.61–1.85) |
0.59* (0.34–1.03) |
1.57 (0.89–2.78) |
1.13 (0.63–2.02) |
1.14 (0.70–1.86) |
| Spouse strain | 1.08 (0.74–1.57) |
1.19 (0.83–1.73) |
0.89 (0.61–1.31) |
1.18 (0.81–1.70) |
0.81 (0.54–1.23) |
1.03 (0.78–1.36) |
| BIC | 744.78 | 736.53 | 737.27 | 744.12 | 747.20 | 1947.03 |
| Fully-adjusteda | ||||||
| Family strain | 1.05 (0.65–1.71) |
1.34 (0.84–2.14) |
1.80** (1.12–2.90) |
1.24 (0.72–2.11) |
1.09 (0.64–1.86) |
1.35 (0.90–2.03) |
| Friend strain | 1.03 (0.56–1.88) |
1.04 (0.59–1.82) |
0.60* (0.33–1.09) |
1.55 (0.86–2.82) |
1.15 (0.63–2.09) |
1.18 (0.72–1.91) |
| Spouse strain | 1.02 (0.67–1.54) |
1.25 (0.86–1.81) |
0.90 (0.61–1.33) |
1.19 (0.82–1.73) |
0.82 (0.53–1.25) |
1.04 (0.77–1.41) |
| BIC | 731.35 | 787.02 | 771.12 | 792.45 | 778.57 | 1891.04 |
***
p < 0.01,
**
p < 0.05,
*
p < 0.1; two-tailed test.
a
Controls for age, sex, SNS activity (creatinine-adjusted epinephrine and norepinephrine levels), household income, education, BMI, current smoking status, and medications.