Table 4. Malmquist Index for total Productivity and Total Efficiency During 2008-11 ^a.

Year	Technical Efficiency, Effch	Technological Efficiency, Techch	Managerial Efficiency, Pech	Scale Efficiency, Sech	Total Productivity Changes, Tfpch
2008	1.05	0.973	1.06	0.99	1.021
2009	0.936	1.062	0.975	0.96	0.994
2010	1.022	0.966	1.019	1.003	0.987
2011	1.005	0.928	0.989	1.016	0.932
Mean	1.002	0.981	1.01	0.992	0.983

^a Abbreviations: Effch, technical efficiency change; Techch, technological change; Pech, pure technical efficiency change; Sech, scale efficiency change; Tfpch, total factor productivity change.