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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anticancer Drugs. 2013 Oct;24(9):881–888. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0b013e32836442c6

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Mito-CP and 2-DG combination induces cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells determined by YOYO-1 fluorescence assay (A) and cytotoxicity index (B). Measurement of cytotoxicity in real time using YOYO-1 fluorescence in HepG2 cells in response to treatment with 2, or 4 µM Mito-CP and 5 mM 2-DG both individually or in combination for 24 hr (A). YOYO-1 fluorescence increases significantly with combination treatment in HepG2 cells compared to control untreated group as well as treated individually with Mito-CP or 2-DG. Induction of cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells by combination treatment of Mito-CP and 2-DG determined by caspase 3/7 apoptosis assay (B). HepG2 and primary hepatocytes cells were treated with alone or in combination with Mito-CP and 2-DG for 24 hr. and scanned for the fluorescence signal and phase contrast images. Cytotoxicity index in HepG2 cells is highest in cells treated with a combination of 2, or 4 µM Mito-CP with 5 mM 2-DG compared to control treatment. Importantly treatment to primary hepatocytes showed very marginal cytotoxicity index compared to HepG2 cells under the same condition. Average of two independent experiments is shown.