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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Anticancer Drugs. 2013 Oct;24(9):881–888. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0b013e32836442c6

Induction of apoptosis by the combinations of Mito-CP and 2-DG. HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes were treated with the indicated concentrations of Mito-CP, 2-DG, or in combinations for 24 hr. The DNA binding activity of the dye was visualized by fluorescence signal and phase contrast images for every 2 hr (A). Average of two independent experiments is shown here. Real time measurement of apoptotic activity as indicated by increase in caspase 3/7 positive HepG2 cells in response to treatment with 2, or 4 µM Mito-CP and 5 mM 2-DG both individually and in combination. Caspase 3/7 activity increases significantly with combination treatment compared to control untreated group and cells treated individually with Mito-CP and 2-DG. Apoptotic index in HepG2 cells is highest in groups treated with a combination of 2 or 4 µM Mito-CP with 5 mM 2-DG (B). Primary hepatocytes treatment did not induce apoptosis. (C). Effects of combination of Mito-CP and 2-DG on expression and activation of apoptosis markers. Lysates from control and treated groups of HepG2 cells were immunoblotted with antibodies against the indicated proteins.

Induction of apoptosis by the combinations of Mito-CP and 2-DG. HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes were treated with the indicated concentrations of Mito-CP, 2-DG, or in combinations for 24 hr. The DNA binding activity of the dye was visualized by fluorescence signal and phase contrast images for every 2 hr (A). Average of two independent experiments is shown here. Real time measurement of apoptotic activity as indicated by increase in caspase 3/7 positive HepG2 cells in response to treatment with 2, or 4 µM Mito-CP and 5 mM 2-DG both individually and in combination. Caspase 3/7 activity increases significantly with combination treatment compared to control untreated group and cells treated individually with Mito-CP and 2-DG. Apoptotic index in HepG2 cells is highest in groups treated with a combination of 2 or 4 µM Mito-CP with 5 mM 2-DG (B). Primary hepatocytes treatment did not induce apoptosis. (C). Effects of combination of Mito-CP and 2-DG on expression and activation of apoptosis markers. Lysates from control and treated groups of HepG2 cells were immunoblotted with antibodies against the indicated proteins.