Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of day-3 and −7 lung bioreactor cultures seeded with either hBM-MSCs or with hAT-MSCs. (A–C) hBM-MSCs have increased gene expression levels of distal epithelial genes, including SPC, aquaporin-1, and caveolin-1, with increased time in the lung bioreactor culture. (D–F) Similarly, hAT-MSCs increase the expression of distal genes with longer culture periods. The fold change of the cells in the lung bioreactors is compared with MSCs grown in tissue culture flasks.