Table 2.
Step width and length, foot progression angle (FPA) and peak joint moments in sagittal and frontal plane.
| |
NGJH n = 18 |
GJH n = 19 |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
|
Step width (max) (m) |
0.13 (0.01) |
0.12 (0.01) |
p < 0.001 |
|
Step length (m) |
0.61 (0.02) |
0.62 (0.04) |
p = 0.886 |
|
Right FPA (degrees) |
8.6 (4.1) |
8.1 (5.9) |
p = 0.531 |
|
Left FPA (degrees) |
−9.7 (5.6) |
−8.4 (6.8) |
p = 0.652 |
|
Peak joint moments: |
|
|
|
|
Sagittal plane
|
|
|
|
|
Ankle (sA1) (Nm/(kg*m)*100) |
7.3 (3.0) |
9.4 (5.3) |
p = 0.182 |
|
Ankle (sA2) (Nm/(kg*m)*100) |
−83.4 (8.3) |
−82.9 (14.1) |
p = 0.029 |
|
Knee (sK1) (Nm/(kg*m)*100) |
−19.6 (7.9) |
−17.2 (8.0) |
p = 0.050 |
|
Knee (sK2) (Nm/(kg*m)*100) |
30.4 (11.8) |
30.4 (13.6) |
p = 0.781 |
|
Knee (sK3) (Nm/(kg*m)*100) |
−6.7 (13.1) |
−0.8 (8.9) |
p = 0.005 |
|
Knee (sK4) (Nm/(kg*m)*100) |
44.3 (11.1) |
44.8 (15.6) |
p = 0.851 |
|
Hip (sH1) (Nm/(kg*m)*100) |
−64.7 (14.6) |
−57.8 (10.7) |
p = 0.006 |
|
Hip (sH2) (Nm/(kg*m)*100) |
86.3 (15.7) |
92.8 (21.8) |
p = 0.460 |
|
Frontal plane
|
|
|
|
|
Knee (fK1) (Nm/(kg*m)*100) |
28.2 (9.4) |
25.1 (8.8) |
p = 0.073 |
|
Knee (fK2) (Nm/(kg*m)*100) |
29.2 (9.3) |
23.1 (8.3) |
p = 0.003 |
|
Hip (fH1) (Nm/(kg*m)*100) |
48.4 (8.7) |
46.5 (6.9) |
p = 0.007 |
| Hip (fH2) (Nm/(kg*m)*100) | 48.5 (10.6) | 45.2 (8.3) | p = 0.017 |
Mean (SD) of step length, width, and foot progression angle (FPA) are shown. Further, mean (SD) of normalized (Nm/(kg*m)*100) internal peak joint moments for right/hypermobile leg during stance phase, for NGJH (Non-Generalized Joint Hypermobility) and GJH (Generalized Joint Hypermobility) children, with p-values for effect of status. In sagittal plane positive/negative values designate dorsal-/plantar flexion in the ankle, extension/flexion in the knee and flexion/extension in the hip. In frontal plane positive/negative values designate abduction/adduction for both knee and hip. Significant differences (p-values <0.05) are marked in bold.
s = sagittal plane, f = frontal plane; A = ankle, K = knee, H = hip; 1,2,3,4 = peak number