Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the population in total and according to smoking status
| |
|
Smoking status |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n = 6120) | Non-smokers (n = 2831) | Ex-smokers (n = 1832) | Current smokers (n = 1457) | |
| Age (years) |
50.5 ± 16.9 (18.0-95.0) |
49.0 ± 17.2 (18–95) |
56.2 ± 16.0 (19–94)* |
46.1 ± 15.3 (18–91)* |
| Sex (% Male) |
45.2 |
42.6 |
49.0* |
45.4* |
| Social class (% High†) |
43.2 |
50.6 |
44.2* |
27.7* |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) |
27.3 ± 4.8 (13.3-62.7) |
27.3 ± 4.8 (15.2-53.3) |
27.8 ± 4.5 (13.3-54.5)* |
26.4 ± 5.1 (15.1-62.7)* |
| Waist circumference (mm) |
91.6 ± 13.2 (54–152) |
90.5 ± 13.2 (54–152) |
93.8 ± 13.0 (60–152)* |
89.8 ± 13.4 (58.5-147) |
| Physical activity (%Low) |
30.7 |
28.1 |
33.7* |
32.1* |
| HbA1c (%) |
5.4 ± 0.4 (2.8-6.4) |
5.3 ± 0.4 (2.8-6.4) |
5.4 ± 0.4 (3.8-6.4)* |
5.4 ± 0.4 (2.9-6.4)* |
|
(mmol/mol) |
36 ± 4.4 (30.6-46) |
34 ± 4.4 (30.6-46) |
36 ± 4.4 (18–46) |
36 ± 4.4 (31.7-46) |
| CRP (nmol/L) |
33.3 ± 65.7 (1.9-971) |
27.6 ± 55.2 (1.9-971) |
36.2 ± 75.2 (1.9-95.4)* |
40.9 ± 68.6 (1.9-762)* |
| Total fruit portions/d |
2.0 ± 1.8 (0.0-20.0) |
2.3 ± 1.8 (0.0-12.5) |
2.2 ± 1.8 (0.0-10.5) |
1.3 ± 1.7 (0.0-22.0)* |
| Total vegetable portions/d |
1.3 ± 1.4 (0.0-22.0) |
1.4 ± 1.3 (0.0-20.0) |
1.4 ± 1.3 (0.0-15.3) |
1.1 ± 1.3 (0.0-17.7)* |
| Total fruit & vegetable portions/d | 3.4 ± 2.5 (0.0-31.4) | 3.7 ± 2.4 (0.0-22.5) | 3.6 ± 2.4 (0.0-25.3) | 2.5 ± 2.4 (0.0-31.4)* |
Data presented as mean ± SD (range) †High social class: Professional and managerial technical; * compared to non-smokers; p < 0.05.