Table 1.
Characteristics of the 128 Leishmania infantum strains studied
| Origin | Strains | WHO code | Periphery/Region-Prefecture/Province (District) | Pathology a | MON b | K26 amplicon b | MLMT profile c | Structure K = 4 d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TR(16) |
EP3* |
MHOM/TR/1994/EP3 |
Aegean-Izmir |
VL |
n.d. |
n.d. |
35 |
pop2 |
| |
EP16* |
MCAN/TR/1996/EP16 |
Aegean-Manisa |
CanL |
n.d. |
n.d. |
36 |
pop2 |
| |
EP43 |
MCAN/TR/2000/EP43 |
Aegean-Aydin(Kuşadası) |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
37 |
pop4 (sub4A) |
| |
EP44 |
MCAN/TR/2000/EP44 |
Aegean-Aydin(Kuşadası) |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
37 |
pop4 (sub4A) |
| |
EP49 |
MCAN/TR/2000/EP49 |
Aegean-Aydin(Kuşadası) |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
37 |
pop4 (sub4A) |
| |
EP50 |
MCAN/TR/2000/EP50 |
Aegean-Aydin(Kuşadası) |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
38 |
pop4 (sub4A) |
| |
EP53 |
MCAN/TR/2000/EP53 |
Aegean-Aydin(Kuşadası) |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
39 |
pop4 (sub4A) |
| |
EP55 |
MCAN/TR/2000/EP55 |
Aegean-Aydin(Kuşadası) |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
40 |
pop4 (sub4A) |
| |
EP56 |
MCAN/TR/2000/EP56 |
Marmara-Bilecik |
CanL |
1 |
870/940 |
25 |
pop2 |
| |
EP57 |
MCAN/TR/2001/EP57 |
Aegean-Muğla |
CanL |
n.d. |
870/940 |
25 |
pop2 |
| |
EP58 |
MCAN/TR/2001/EP58 |
Aegean-Muğla |
CanL |
n.d. |
940 |
41 |
pop2 |
| |
EP68 |
MCAN/TR/2001/EP68 |
Aegean-Aydin(Kuşadası) |
CanL |
n.d. |
940 |
41 |
pop2 |
| |
EP88 |
MCAN/TR/2003/EP88 |
Black Sea-Çorum |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
42 |
pop3 (sub3B1) |
| |
EP89 |
MHOM/TR/2003/EP89 |
Aegean-Manisa(Alaşehir) |
VL |
n.d. |
870/940 |
43 |
pop2 |
| |
EP126 |
MCAN/TR/2005/EP126 |
Aegean -Muğla(Bodrum) |
CanL |
1 |
870/940 |
13 |
pop2 |
| |
EP134 |
MCAN/TR/2007/EP134 |
Mediterranean-Hatay(Antakya) |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
44 |
pop4 (sub4C1) |
| CY(23) |
CD1 |
MCAN/CY/2001/CD1 |
Limassol |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD13 |
MCAN/CY/2003/CD13 |
Limassol |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD21 |
MCAN/CY/2004/CD21 |
Paphos |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD22 |
MCAN/CY/2004/CD22 |
Limassol |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD34 |
MCAN/CY/2005/CD34 |
Limassol |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
30 |
pop1 (sub1B) |
| |
CD37 |
MCAN/CY/2005/CD37 |
Paphos |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD40 |
MCAN/CY/2005/CD40 |
Paphos |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD43 |
MCAN/CY/2005/CD43 |
Paphos |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD44 cl.5e |
MCAN/CY/2005/CD44cl.5 |
Paphos |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
31 |
pop1 (sub1B) |
| |
CD48 |
MCAN/CY/2005/CD48 |
Limassol |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD51 |
MCAN/CY/2005/CD51 |
Paphos |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD57 |
MCAN/CY/2005/CD57 |
Nicosia |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD62 |
MCAN/CY/2005/CD62 |
Paphos |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD68 |
MCAN/CY/2005/CD68 |
Paphos |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD74 |
MCAN/CY/2006/CD74 |
Famagusta |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD63 |
MCAN/CY/2005/CD63 |
Limassol |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD66 |
MCAN/CY/2005/CD66 |
Nicosia |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD85 |
MCAN/CY/2006/CD85 |
Nicosia |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
32 |
pop1 (sub1B) |
| |
CD87 |
MCAN/CY/2006/CD87 |
Paphos |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD88 |
MCAN/CY/2006/CD88 |
Paphos |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
33 |
pop1 (sub1B) |
| |
CD90 |
MCAN/CY/2006/CD90 |
Paphos |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
29 |
pop1 (sub1A) |
| |
CD91 |
MCAN/CY/2006/CD91 |
Paphos |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
33 |
pop1 (sub1B) |
| |
CD108 |
MCAN/CY/2006/CD108 |
Larnaca |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
34 |
pop1 (sub1B) |
| BG(1) |
BG1 |
MCAN/BG/2008/BG1 |
Blagoevgrad |
CanL |
1 |
940 |
11 |
pop2 |
| GR(54) |
GH2* |
MHOM/GR/2001/GH2 |
Attica-Athens |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
1 |
pop2 |
| |
GH5* |
MHOM/GR/2001/GH5 |
Crete-Lasithi/Ag.Nikolaos |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
2 |
pop2 |
| |
GH8* |
MHOM/GR/2001/GH8 |
Attica-Athens |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
3 |
pop2 |
| |
GH9* |
MHOM/GR/2001/GH9 |
Attica-Athens |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
4 |
pop4 (sub4C1) |
| |
GH10* |
MHOM/GR/2001/GH10 |
Attica-Athens |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
2 |
pop2 |
| |
GH11* |
MHOM/GR/2001/GH11 |
Attica-Athens |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
3 |
pop2 |
| |
GH13 |
MHOM/GR/2003/GH13 |
Crete-Heraklion |
VL |
98 |
870/940 |
5 |
pop4 (sub4A) |
| |
GH21 |
MHOM/GR/2004/GH21 |
Crete-Heraklion |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
6 |
pop2 |
| |
GH22 |
MHOM/GR/2004/GH22 |
Crete-Rethymno |
VL |
98 |
870/940 |
5 |
pop4 (sub4A) |
| |
GH23 |
MHOM/GR/2004/GH23 |
Crete-Rethymno |
VL |
98 |
870/940 |
7 |
pop4 (sub4C1) |
| |
GH24 |
MHOM/GR/2004/GH24 |
Attica-Athens |
VL |
1 |
626 |
8 |
pop4 (sub4C2) |
| |
GH26 |
MHOM/GR/2004/GH26 |
Crete-Lasithi/Sitia |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
9 |
pop2 |
| |
GH27 |
MHOM/GR/2005/GH27 |
Crete-Heraklion |
VL |
1 |
940 |
10 |
pop2 |
| |
LEM2289 |
MHOM/GR/1990/LA1037 |
Attica-Athens |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
11 |
pop2 |
| |
PAPADO |
MHOM/GR/1980/PAPADO |
Attica-Athens |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
3 |
pop2 |
| |
GH49 |
MHOM/GR/2008/GH49 |
North Aegean Sea-Lesbos/Mytilene |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
2 |
pop2 |
| |
GH51 |
MHOM/GR/2008/GH51 |
Central Greece-Euboea/Halkida |
VL |
1 |
940 |
12 |
pop2 |
| |
GH54 |
MHOM/GR/2009/GH54 |
Central Greece-Phthiotis(Lamia) |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
13 |
pop2 |
| |
GH55 |
MHOM/GR/2009/GH55 |
Crete-Heraklion |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
14 |
pop2 |
| |
GH56 |
MHOM/GR/2009/GH56 |
Peloponnese-Arcadia (Tripoli) |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
15 |
pop2 |
| |
GD3* |
MCAN/GR/2001/GD3 |
Crete-Heraklion |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
16 |
pop4 (sub4C1) |
| |
GD4* |
MCAN/GR/2001/GD4 |
Crete-Heraklion |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
17 |
pop4 (sub4C1) |
| |
GD9 |
MCAN/GR/2002/GD9 |
Crete-Heraklion |
CanL |
1 |
870/940 |
18 |
pop4 (sub4C2) |
| |
GD12 |
MCAN/GR/2003/GD12 |
Crete-Lasithi/Sitia |
CanL |
1 |
870/940 |
2 |
pop2 |
| |
GD14 |
MCAN/GR/2003/GD14 |
Crete-Heraklion |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
3 |
pop2 |
| |
GD17 |
MCAN/GR/2004/GD17 |
Crete-Heraklion |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
5 |
pop4 (sub4A) |
| |
GD18 |
MCAN/GR/2004/GD18 |
Crete-Heraklion |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
19 |
pop4 (sub4C2) |
| |
GD19 |
MCAN/GR/2004/GD19 |
Crete-Heraklion |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
19 |
pop4 (sub4C2) |
| |
GD20 |
MCAN/GR/2004/GD20 |
Crete-Heraklion |
CanL |
1 |
870/940 |
11 |
pop2 |
| |
GD23 |
MCAN/GR/2004/GD23 |
Crete-Lasithi/Sitia |
CanL |
1 |
940 |
2 |
pop2 |
| |
GD24 |
MCAN/GR/2004/GD24 |
Crete-Lasithi/Sitia |
CanL |
1 |
870/940 |
2 |
pop2 |
| |
GD25 |
MCAN/GR/2004/GD25 |
Crete-Lasithi/Sitia |
CanL |
1 |
940 |
2 |
pop2 |
| |
GD26 |
MCAN/GR/2004/GD26 |
Crete-Lasithi/Sitia |
CanL |
1 |
870/940 |
2 |
pop2 |
| |
GD31 |
MCAN/GR/2005/GD31 |
Crete-Lasithi/Sitia |
CanL |
1 |
870/940 |
2 |
pop2 |
| |
GD32 |
MCAN/GR/2005/GD32 |
Crete-Lasithi/Sitia |
CanL |
1 |
940 |
2 |
pop2 |
| |
GD33 |
MCAN/GR/2005/GD33 |
Crete-Lasithi/Sitia |
CanL |
1 |
870/940 |
2 |
pop2 |
| |
GD35 |
MCAN/GR/2005/GD35 |
Crete-Lasithi/Sitia |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
5 |
pop4 (sub4A) |
| |
GD36 |
MCAN/GR/2005/GD36 |
Crete-Lasithi/Sitia |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
5 |
pop4 (sub4A) |
| |
GD71 |
MCAN/GR/2006/GD71 |
Crete-Lasithi |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
3 |
pop2 |
| |
GD102 |
MCAN/GR/2006/GD102 |
Attica (Rafina) |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
3 |
pop2 |
| |
GD104 |
MCAN/GR/2006/GD104 |
Crete-Heraklion |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
20 |
pop4 (sub4A) |
| |
GD112 |
MCAN/GR/2006/GD112 |
Crete-Heraklion |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
21 |
pop4 (sub4A) |
| |
GD154 |
MCAN/GR/2008/GD154 |
Central Macedonia-Thessaloniki |
CanL |
1 |
940 |
22 |
pop2 |
| |
GD167 |
MCAN/GR/2008/GD167 |
Thessaly-Trikala |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
11 |
pop2 |
| |
GD192 |
MCAN/GR/2008/GD192 |
South Aegean-Dodecanese/Rhodes |
CanL |
1 |
626/870/940 |
22 |
pop2 |
| |
GD201 |
MCAN/GR/2008/GD201 |
East Macedonia-Drama |
CanL |
1 |
870/940 |
23 |
pop2 |
| |
GD204 |
MCAN/GR/2009/GD204 |
East Macedonia-Kavala |
CanL |
1 |
870/940 |
24 |
pop2 |
| |
GD210 |
MCAN/GR/2009/GD210 |
Epirus-Ioannina/Dodoni |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
25 |
pop2 |
| |
GD211 |
MCAN/GR/2009/GD211 |
Peloponnese-Argolis |
CanL |
98 |
870/940 |
3 |
pop2 |
| |
GD220 |
MCAN/GR/2009/GD220 |
West Greece-Achaea |
CanL |
1 |
940 |
26 |
pop2 |
| |
GD221 |
MCAN/GR/2009/GD221 |
Epirus-Arta |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
25 |
pop2 |
| |
GD223 |
MCAN/GR/2009/GD223 |
Ionian Islands-Corfu(Kerkyra) |
CanL |
1 |
626/940 |
27 |
pop4 (sub4C2) |
| |
GD229 |
MCAN/GR/2009/GD229 |
South Aegean-Cyclades |
CanL |
1 |
940 |
13 |
pop2 |
| |
GD237 |
MCAN/GR/2010/GD237 |
Central Macedonia-Imathia |
CanL |
1 |
940 |
28 |
pop2 |
| AL(5) |
AH2 |
MHOM/AL/2006/AH2 |
unknown |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
52 |
pop2 |
| |
AH4 |
MHOM/AL/2006/AH4 |
unknown |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
11 |
pop2 |
| |
LEM3962 |
MHOM/AL/2000/516LEZH |
Tirana |
VL |
1 |
870/940 |
53 |
pop4 (sub4B) |
| |
AD16 |
MCAN/AL/2004/AD16 |
unknown |
CanL |
1 |
n.d. |
54 |
pop2 |
| |
LEM3894 |
MCAN/AL/98/C78L574 |
Tirana |
CanL |
1 |
870/940 |
54 |
pop2 |
| HR(10) |
Lu |
MCAN/HR/2009/Lu |
Unknown |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
45 |
pop3 (sub3B2) |
| |
Ne |
MCAN/HR/2009/Ne |
Cetina(Brač) |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
46 |
pop3 (sub3B2) |
| |
Me |
MCAN/HR/2009/Me |
Cetina(Makarska) |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
47 |
pop3 (sub3B2) |
| |
Mr |
MCAN/HR/2008/Mr |
unknown |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
48 |
pop4 (sub4B) |
| |
GS |
MCAN/HR/2009/GS |
unknown |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
49 |
pop4 (sub4B) |
| |
Ć |
MCAN/HR/2009/Ć |
unknown |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
47 |
pop3 (sub3B2) |
| |
U |
MCAN/HR/2009/U |
Dubrava(Korčula) |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
48 |
pop4 (sub4B) |
| |
Pa |
MCAN/HR/2009/Pa |
Dubrava(Korčula) |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
50 |
pop4 (sub4B) |
| |
SO |
MCAN/HR/2011/SO |
Dubrovnik |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
45 |
pop3 (sub3B2) |
| |
AL |
MCAN/HR/2011/AL |
Split |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
51 |
pop3 (sub3B1) |
| FR(3)R |
LG1* |
MHOM/FR/1996/LEM75 |
Cévennes |
VL |
1 |
626 |
69 |
pop3 (sub3B1) |
| |
LG2* |
MHOM/FR/1995/LPN114 |
Côte d’Azur |
VL |
1 |
626 |
70 |
pop3 (sub3B1) |
| |
LG4* |
MHOM/FR/1997/LSL29 |
Cévennes |
CL |
1 |
626 |
71 |
pop3 (sub3B1) |
| ES(11)R |
LLM-1139* |
MCAN/ES/2002/LLM-1139 |
Ibiza |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
55 |
pop3 (sub3A) |
| |
LLM-1228* |
MCAN/ES/2003/LLM-1228 |
Ibiza |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
56 |
pop3 (sub3A) |
| |
LLM-1241* |
MCAN/ES/2003/LLM-1241 |
Ibiza |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
57 |
pop3 (sub3A) |
| |
PMI* |
MHOM/ES/1993/PM1 |
Majorca |
VL |
1 |
626 |
58 |
pop3 (sub3A) |
| |
LLM-981* |
MHOM/ES/2001/LLM-981 |
Majorca |
VL |
1 |
626 |
59 |
pop3 (sub3A) |
| |
LLM-1008* |
MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1008 |
Majorca |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
60 |
pop3 (sub3A) |
| |
LLM-1150* |
MHOM/ES/2002/LLM-1150 |
Majorca |
CL(HIV+) |
1 |
626 |
61 |
pop3 (sub3A) |
| |
LLM-1038* |
MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1038 |
Majorca |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
62 |
pop3 (sub3B1) |
| |
LLM-1116* |
MCAN/ES/2002/LLM-1116 |
Madrid |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
63 |
pop3 (sub3B1) |
| |
LLM-1136* |
MCAN/ES/2001/LLM-1136 |
Madrid |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
64 |
pop3 (sub3B1) |
| |
LLM-1181* |
MHOM/ES/2002/LLM-1181 |
Madrid |
VL(HIV+) |
1 |
626 |
65 |
pop3 (sub3B1) |
| PT(5)R |
IMT184* |
MHOM/PT/1993/IMT184 |
Lisbon |
VL |
1 |
626 |
65 |
pop3 (sub3B1) |
| |
ΙΜΤ339* |
MCAN/PT/2003/IMT339 |
Lisbon |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
66 |
pop3 (sub3B1) |
| |
IMT205* |
MCAN/PT/1995/IMT205 |
Alentejo |
CanL |
1 |
626 |
65 |
pop3 (sub3B1) |
| |
IMT288* |
MHOM/PT/2002/IMT288 |
Alto Douro |
VL |
1 |
626 |
67 |
pop3 (sub3B1) |
| ΙΜΤ316* | MCAN/PT/2003/IMT316 | Lisbon | CanL | 1 | 626 | 68 | pop3 (sub3B1) |
Rreference strains included for comparison, the number of strains per geographical source is given in parenthesis; *strains analyzed in previous studies [14,15,36,52,55,61,68]; TR, Turkey; CY, Cyprus; BG, Bulgaria; GR, Greece; AL, Albania; HR, Croatia; FR, France; ES, Spain; PT, Portugal; aVL, visceral leishmaniasis; CanL, canine leishmaniasis; CL (HIV+), cutaneous leishmaniasis (co-infection with HIV); bbased on MLEE and K26 typing; n.d. not done; cThe 71 microsatellite profiles shared between different strains are indicated in italics; dPopulation assignment at K = 4 by STRUCTURE analysis, sub-structuring upon re-analysis is shown in parenthesis; eL. infantum MON-1 clone isolated from a case of mixed infection with MON-1 and MON-37 strains [34,36].