Table 6. Scale mean (SD) scores, and item median (IQR) scores for physicians and nurses separately.
| Item nr | Scale and items | Mean (SD)/Median (Q1–Q3) Score1 | Respondents who agree2% (CI) | ||||||
| Physicians | Nurses | Physicians | Nurses | ||||||
| Professional Attitudes Score 3 | 11.8 | (2.0) | 11.9 | (2.0) | |||||
| Improving Quality of Care | 4.2 | (0.7) | 4.3 | (0.6) | |||||
| Q1 | Physicians and nurses should be willingto work on quality improvement initiatives. | 5 | (4–5) | 5 | (4–5) | 93 | (92–94) | 95 | (95–96) |
| Q2 | Physicians and nurses should initiate actionsto improve daily practice. | 5 | (4–5) | 5 | (4–5) | 90 | (89–92) | 93 | (93–94) |
| Q3 | Physicians and nurses should engage inongoing self-evaluation. | 4 | (4–5) | 4 | (4–5) | 76 | (74–78) | 82 | (80–83) |
| Q4 | Physicians and nurses should participatein peer evaluations of the quality of careprovided by colleagues. | 4 | (3–5) | 4 | (3–5) | 62 | (60–64) | 71 | (69–72) |
| Maintaining Professional Competence | 4.3 | (0.6) | 4.2 | (0.6) | |||||
| PC1 | Physicians and nurses should maintaincompetency in their area of practice. | 5 | (4–5) | 5 | (4–5) | 96 | (95–97) | 95 | (94–96) |
| PC2 | Physicians and nurses should seek additionaleducation to update knowledge and skills. | 5 | (4–5) | 5 | (4–5) | 97 | (96–98) | 96 | (95–97) |
| PC3 | Physicians and nurses should undergorecertification/revalidation examinationsperiodically throughout their career | 4 | (3–4) | 4 | (3–4) | 55 | (53–57) | 57 | (55–59) |
| Fulfilling Professional Responsibilities | 3.6 | (0.8) | 3.9 | (0.7) | |||||
| PR1 | Physicians and nurses should disclose allsignificant medical errors to affected patientsand/or guardians. | 4 | (3–4) | 4 | (3–4) | 54 | (52–56) | 59 | (57–61) |
| PR2 | Physicians and nurses should report allsignificant medical errors they observeto hospital, clinic, or other relevant authorities. | 4 | (3–4) | 4 | (3–5) | 65 | (63–67) | 74 | (72–75) |
| PR3 | Physicians and nurses should report allinstances of significantly impaired orincompetent colleagues to hospital, clinic,or other relevant authorities. | 4 | (3–4) | 4 | (3–5) | 53 | (51–55) | 67 | (65–69) |
| PR4 | Physicians and nurses should confrontpractitioners with questionable orinappropriate practice. | 4 | (3–5) | 4 | (4–5) | 74 | (72–76) | 82 | (81–83) |
| Interprofessional Collaboration 4 | 3.7 | (0.5) | 3.5 | (0.6) | |||||
| Shared education and collaboration | 4.0 | (0.7) | 4.4 | (0.6) | |||||
| IC1 | Physicians should be educated toestablish collaborative relationshipswith nurses. | 4 | (4–5) | 5 | (4–5) | 76 | (75–78) | 93 | (92–94) |
| IC2 | Interprofessional relationships betweenphysicians and nurses should be includedin their educational programs. | 4 | (3–5) | 5 | (4–5) | 70 | (68–72) | 91 | (90–92) |
| IC3 | Nurses should also have responsibility formonitoring the effects of medical treatment. | 4 | (3–5) | 4 | (3–5) | 70 | (68–72) | 70 | (69–72) |
| IC4 | Nurses should clarify a physician’s orderwhen they feel that it might have the potentialfor detrimental effects on the patient. | 4 | (4–5) | 5 | (4–5) | 88 | (86–89) | 91 | (90–92) |
| IC5 | A nurse should be viewed as a collaboratorand colleague with a physician ratherthan his/her assistant. | 4 | (3.5–5) | 5 | (4–5) | 75 | (73–77) | 92 | (91–93) |
| Physician Authority | 3.5 | (0.9) | 2.5 | (1.2) | |||||
| PA1 | Doctors should be the dominant authorityin all healthcare matters. | 4 | (4–5) | 3 | (2–4) | 77 | (75–79) | 37 | (36–39) |
| PA2 | The primary function of the nurse is tocarry out physician’s orders. | 3 | (2–4) | 2 | (1–3) | 37 | (35–39) | 24 | (23–26) |
| Professional Behaviors 5 | |||||||||
| Professional Quality Improvement Actions | 0.4 | (0.3) | 0.4 | (0.3) | |||||
| QA1 | In the last 3 years, have you participatedin a formal error reduction initiativein your hospital?5 | 0.4 | (0.4) | 0.4 | (0.4) | 40 | (38–42) | 38 | (37–40) |
| QA2 | In the last 3 years, have you reviewedmedical/nursing records for qualityimprovement reasons?5 | 0.3 | (0.4) | 0.2 | (0.4) | 54 | (52–56) | 49 | (47–51) |
| QA3 | In the last 3 years, have you undergonecompetency assessment by a professionalsociety or other authority (i.e., insurance company)?5 | 0.3 | (0.4) | 0.2 | (0.4) | 27 | (25–29) | 23 | (22–25) |
| Professional Reaction to Colleagues’ Underperformance 6 | |||||||||
| PRC1 | If, in the last 3 years, you had direct personalknowledge of a colleague (physician or nurse)who was impaired or incompetent in your hospital,group or practice, did you report that colleague(physician or nurse) to the hospital, professionalsociety, or other relevant authority?5N = 664/7147 | 0.4 | (0.4) | 0.6 | (0.4) | 45 | (41–49) | 57 | (54–61) |
| PRC2 | Other than the care of you or your familyreceived, if, in the last 3 years you had directpersonal knowledge of a serious medical errorin your hospital, group or practice, did youreport that error to the hospital, professionalsociety, or other relevant authority?5N = 540/4607 | 0.4 | (0.4) | 0.3 | (0.4) | 39 | (35–43) | 30 | (26–34) |
1
Median (Q1–Q3) provided for individual likert scale items (range 1–5), mean (SD) provided for subscales (range 1–5) and binary type items (range 0 or 1).
2
For likert scale items, percent of respondents who “somewhat agree” or “strongly agree”, for binary type items, percent of respondents answering “yes”.
3
Professional attitudes score = sum (improving quality of care, maintaining professional competence, fulfilling professional responsibility, Interprofessional collaboration) – 4 (ranges from 0–16).
4
Interprofessional collaboration = mean of shared education and collaboration and physician authority.
5
All professional behaviour items are binary (Yes/No) type items.
6
Professional reactions to colleagues’ performance not aggregated as a subscale.
7
Sample size restricted to those (physicians/nurses) who observed the specific type of underperformance in the past 3 years.