Figure 4.
The manipulation of 1 μm particles under DEP field. The microparticles demonstrated p-DEP and n-DEP depending on the applied frequency. Microparticles (a) before applying a non-uniform electric field (homogenously distributed over the dot aperture); (b) after applying 5 MHz signal (n-DEP) and (c) after applying 100 kHz signal (p-DEP).