Khan et al. (2010) (6 subjects) [53] |
Walking, upstairs, downstairs, running, sitting (5) |
Smartphone in 5 different pocket locations (shirt's top, jeans' rear/front-left/front-right, coat's inner) (1) |
ANN-OF (46%) ANN-LDA (60%) ANN-KDA (96%) |
2 |
Marx (2010) (1 subject) [31] |
Ball interactions (throwing, shaking, jerking sideways, holding very still) (4) |
Embedded in iBall (1) |
Heuristic (90%–95%) |
0.666 |
Sun et al. (2010) (7 subjects) [54] |
Walking, running, stationary, upstairs, downstairs, driving, bicycling (7) |
Front/rear pockets on the trousers, front pockets on the coat (6) |
SVM (93% with acceleration magnitude in 4 s; 92% without acceleration magnitude in 5 s) |
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |
Atallah et al. (2011) (11 subjects) [55] |
Reading, socializing, vacuuming and more (15) |
Chest, arm, wrist, waist, knee, ankle, right ear (7) |
kNN with k = 5 (∼56%) and k = 7 (∼64%), NB with Gaussian priors (∼61%) |
5 |
Gjoreski and Gams (2011) (11 subjects) [56] |
Standing, sitting, lying, sitting on the ground, on all fours, going down, standing up (7) |
Chest, left thigh, right ankle (3) |
Random Forest (93% only with chest; 96% adding left thigh; 98% with all accelerometers) |
1 |
Jiang et al. (2011) (10 subjects) [57] |
Walking, jogging, weight lifting, cycling, rowing and more (10) |
Both forearms and shanks (4) |
SVM ideal (95.1%) SVM with errors (75.2%) SVM without orientation errors (91.2%) SVM without errors (91.9%) |
6.4 |
Kwapisz et al. (2011) (29 subjects) [58] |
Walking, jogging, upstairs, downstairs and more (6) |
Smartphone (1) |
DT (85.1%) LR (78.1%) MLP (91.7%) |
10 |
Lee and Cho (2011) (3 subjects) [59] |
3 actions (walking, standing, climbing stairs) + 3 activities (shopping, moving by walk, taking bus) |
Smartphone in the hand (1) |
HHMM (84%) HMM (65%) ANN (65%) |
5 |
Siirtola and Röning (2012) (8 subjects) [60] |
Walking, running, cycling, sitting/standing, driving a car (5) |
Smartphone in trousers' front pocket (1) |
Offline (QDA (95.4%) kNN (94.5%)) Real-Time with Nokia (QDA (95.8%) kNN (93.9%)) Real-time with Samsung Galaxy (QDA (96.5%)) |
7.5 |
Wang et al. (2012) (8 subjects) [61] |
Walking, jogging, upstairs, downstairs (4) |
Smartphone (1) |
GMM (91.2%) J48 (88.8%) LR (93.3%) |
0.5, 0.8 |
Hemalatha and Vaidehi (2013) (5 subjects) [62] |
Walking, sitting/standing, lying, falling (4) |
Chest (1) |
FBPAC (92%) |
10 |
Mannini et al. (2013) (33 subjects) [26] |
4 broad activity classes (ambulation, cycling, sedentary and other), daily activities (26) |
Wrist or ankle (1) |
SVM (84.7% with wrist, 95% with ankle) for 12.8 s |
2, 4, 12.8 |
Nam and Park (2013) (3 subjects) [63] |
Walking, toddling, crawling, wiggling, rolling and more (11) |
Waist (1) |
NB (81%) BN (87%) DT (75%) SVM (95%) kNN (96.2%) J48 (94.7%) MLP (96.3%) LR (93.2%) |
∼2.7 |
Nam and Park (2013) (11 subjects) [64] |
Walking, toddling, crawling, wiggling, rolling and more (10) |
Waist (1) |
NB (73%) BN (84.8%) DT (74%) SVM (86.2%) kNN (84.1%) J48 (88.3%) MLP (84.8%) LR (86.9%) |
∼2.7 |
Zheng et al. (2013) (18/53/7 subjects) [65] |
3 datasets: Walking, running, dancing and more (7) in 1st & 2nd / Walking, jogging, skipping and more (6) in 3rd
|
Wrist (1 in 1st) Hip (1 in 2nd) Waist pocket (1 in 3rd) |
SWEM-SVM (94%/90%/82%) SVM (93%/89%/79%) ANN (91%/78%/74%) |
10 |