Table 3.

Adjusted mean Cobb angle of kyphosis according to volumes of abdominal muscle and psoas muscle among 475 men aged ≥65 years*

	Least square mean (95% CI) for Cobb angle of kyphosis (degrees) within tertile of muscle measure
Muscle volume tertile (from lowest to highest)	1	2	3	p-trend
Full analytic sample a
Total abdominal muscle volume	36.6 (34.7, 38.4)	38.8 (37.0, 40.7)	37.1 (35.2, 39.0)	0.69
Total psoas muscle volume	37.6 (35.8, 39.5)	38.0 (36.2, 39.8)	36.9 (35.0, 38.7)	0.56
Among those with no prevalent vertebral fracture b
Total abdominal muscle volume	36.7 (34.7, 38.6)	38.0 (36.1, 39.8)	36.6 (34.6, 38.5)	0.94
Total psoas muscle volume	37.5 (35.6, 39.5)	37.5 (35.6, 39.3)	36.2 (34.3, 38.1)	0.32
Among those with BMI < 30 a
Total abdominal muscle volume	37.4 (35.3, 39.4)	39.0 (37.0, 40.9)	37.3 (35.1, 39.5)	0.97
Total psoas muscle volume	38.5 (36.4, 40.6)	37.9 (35.9, 39.9)	37.4 (35.4, 39.5)	0.48

*Total abdominal muscle volume and total psoas muscle volume are tested in separate models.

^aLeast square means and 95% CI estimated from multiple linear regression adjusted for age, height, prevalent vertebral fracture, and total hip BMD. ^bLeast square means and 95% CI estimated from multiple linear regression adjusted for age, height, and total hip BMD.