Table 3. Significant between group comparisons by taxon level.

Taxon Name	Diet Effect		Circadian Effect		ANOVA
	NS v NSFS	S v SFS	NS v S	NSFS v SFS
Order
Bacteroidales (B)	<0.00* (-)	<0.00* (-)	–	–	<0.00*
Enterobacteriales (P)	<0.00* (+)	0.02* (+)	–	–	<0.00*
Verrucomicrobiales (V)	0.01* (+)	0.02* (+)	–	–	<0.00*

P values indicated. Non-significant between group differences observed for: Acholeplasmatales (T), Acidobacteriales (Ac), Actinomycetales (A), Anaeroplasmatales (T), Bacillales (F), Burkholderiales (P), Caulobacterales (P), Clostridiales (F), Coriobacteriales (A), Cytophagales (B), Erysipelotrichales (F), Flavobacteriales (B), Fusobacteriales (Fu), Lactobacillales (F), Oscillatoriales (C), Pasteurellales (P), Planctomycetales (Pl), Pseudomonadales (P), Rhizobiales (P), Rhodospirillales (P), Rickettsiales (P), Sphingomonadales (P), Thermoanaerobacterales (F), Thiotrichales (P), Xanthomonadales (P). Groups: NS, non-shifted standard chow diet; S, shifted standard chow diet; NSFS, non-shifted high-fat, high-sugar diet; SFS, shifted high-fat, high-sugar diet. Phylum: A, Actinobacteria; Ac, Acidobacteria; B, Bacteroidetes; C, Cyanobacteria; F, Firmicutes; Fu, Fusobacteria; P, Proteobacteria; Pl, Plantomycetes; T, Tenericutes; V, Verrucomicrobia. *, significant between group differences; –, not significant; (+)/(-), indicates direction of the change.