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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Epidemiol. 2014 Feb 17;24(6):448–454. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.01.013

Table 3.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Associations of Breastfeeding ≥24 Months and Severe Early Childhood Caries, Stratified by Frequency of Daytime Breastfeeding

Marginal
Prevalence1 		95% CI Prevalence
Ratio		 95% CI EPI 80% CI
Breastfeeding Duration and Frequency
Unadjusted2 Model
  Duration 6–23 months and low frequency 0.38 0.25, 0.51 1
  Duration ≥24 months and low frequency 0.37 0.22, 0.52 0.97 0.53, 1.68
  Duration 6–23 months and high frequency 0.31 0.22, 0.42 1
  Duration ≥24 months and high frequency 0.48 0.39, 0.57 1.53 1.06, 2.30 0.18 −0.07, 0.43
Adjusted3 Model
  Duration 6–23 months and low frequency 0.38 0.25, 0.51 1
  Duration ≥24 months and low frequency 0.36 0.20, 0.53 0.94 0.51, 1.67
  Duration 6–23 months and high frequency 0.33 0.23, 0.44 1
  Duration ≥24 months and high frequency 0.47 0.38, 0.56 1.42 0.99, 2.12 0.16 −0.10, 0.41
Fully-Adjusted4 Model
  Duration 6–23 months and low frequency 0.36 0.24, 0.49 1
  Duration ≥24 months and low frequency 0.37 0.20, 0.55 1.01 0.52, 1.81
  Duration 6–23 months and high frequency 0.35 0.23, 0.45 1
  Duration ≥24 months and high frequency 0.48 0.38, 0.58 1.38 0.97, 2.16 0.13 −0.03, 0.30

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; EPI, excess prevalence due to interaction

1

Population-average prevalence of severe early childhood caries at given categories of breastfeeding duration, as estimated from marginal structural models

2

Includes allocation status from nesting intervention study only

3

Includes allocation status from nesting intervention study and maternal age, education, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI, smoking status, social class, and child age and sex

4

Includes all adjusted model variables and time-varying bottle use variables, feeding habits, and height-for-age Z-scores