Table 1.
Pretreatment conditions, corresponding solids compositions, and component removals for pretreatment of corn stover by dilute acid (DA), ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX™), and ionic liquid (IL)
| |
Pretreatment |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | DA | AFEX | IL | |
|
Pretreatment conditions |
|
|
|
|
| Chemicals |
NA |
Dilute sulfuric acid |
Anhydrous ammonia |
1-ethyl‒3‒methyl‒imidazoliumacetate |
| Loadings |
NA |
0.5% wt |
1:1 (Biomass: NH3) |
1:9 (Biomass: IL) |
| L/S ratio |
NA |
9:1 |
1:1 |
9:1 |
| Temperature (°C) |
NA |
160 |
140 |
140 |
| Time (min) |
NA |
20 |
15 |
180 |
|
Component (%) |
|
|
|
|
| Glucan |
33.4 |
59.1 |
33.5 |
46.9 |
| Xylan |
24.9 |
6.5 |
24.8 |
29.8 |
| Arabinan |
3.7 |
3.6 |
3.3 |
0.3 |
| Lignin (AIL) |
17.2 |
32.2 |
12.2 |
2.7 |
|
Component removal (%)* |
|
|
|
|
| Solid |
|
51.0 |
0 |
36.0 |
| Xylan |
- |
87.0 |
0.4 |
23.4 |
| Lignin | - | 8.2 | 2.8 | 89.9 |
*Solid removal (%) = 100% × (1- Total solid after pretreatment (g)/Total solid before pretreatment (g)).
Xylan removal (%) = 1- (%Xylan in pretreated solids / % Xylan in raw biomass) × Solid yield.
Lignin removal (%) = 1- (%Lignin in pretreated solids / % Lignin in raw biomass) × Solid yield.
L/S - liquid to solid.