Table 1.
Physical activity/obesity related characteristics of the children by gender and PA levels
| |
|
Boys |
|
|
Girls |
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
|
Low PA |
Moderate PA |
High PA |
|
|
Low PA |
Moderate PA |
High PA |
|
| (N = 826) | (N = 728) | (N = 2,609) | (N = 1,309) | (N = 1,012) | (N = 2,082) | |||||
|
Individual factors+ |
Total |
N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) |
p-value |
Total |
N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) |
p-value |
| Child’s weight status** |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| Normal |
3,100 |
558 (20) |
541 (17) |
2,001 (63) |
|
3,019 |
812 (27) |
692 (22) |
1515(51) |
|
| Overweight |
661 |
137 (21) |
115 (17) |
409 (62) |
|
875 |
296 (36) |
204 (21) |
375 (43) |
|
| Obese |
196 |
74 (39) |
39 (18) |
83 (43) |
|
284 |
122 (48) |
65 (20) |
97 (33) |
|
| Takes exercise |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| Never |
34 |
22 (62) |
4 (10) |
8 (28) |
|
44 |
25 (69) |
7 (10) |
12 (21) |
|
| 1-2times/week |
673 |
243 (38) |
144 (20) |
286 (42) |
|
957 |
446 (47) |
223 (21) |
288 (32) |
|
| 3-4times/week |
939 |
209 (25) |
234 (25) |
496 (51) |
|
1,136 |
356 (33) |
329 (27) |
453 (40) |
|
| Almost every day |
2,486 |
341 (16) |
344 (14) |
1801 (70) |
|
2,244 |
472 (22) |
450 (19) |
1,322(59) |
|
| Sports/fitness club |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| Yes |
3,585 |
596 (18) |
644 (18) |
2345 (64) |
|
3,137 |
809 (26) |
768 (24) |
1,560 (49) |
|
| No |
573 |
226 (41) |
84 (14) |
263 (45) |
|
1,261 |
496 (40) |
244 (16) |
521 (44) |
|
| Playing sport* |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
|
|
0.11 |
| Favourite # |
1,657 |
232 (15) |
258 (16) |
1167 (69) |
|
809 |
178 (23) |
195 (24) |
436 (53) |
|
| Second favourite |
968 |
155 (17) |
187 (19) |
636 (64) |
|
767 |
207 (30) |
179 (22) |
381 (48) |
|
| Third favourite |
455 |
97 (27) |
78 (16) |
280 (57) |
|
506 |
144 (31) |
123 (22) |
239 (48) |
|
| Watching TV* |
|
|
|
|
0.38 |
|
|
|
|
0.99 |
| Favourite |
169 |
53(29) |
33 (19) |
83 (52) |
|
195 |
73 (35) |
42 (20) |
80 (45) |
|
| Second favourite |
491 |
126 (28) |
88 (20) |
277 (53) |
|
428 |
144 (34) |
94 (21) |
190 (45) |
|
| Third favourite |
669 |
135 (23) |
128 (18) |
406 (59) |
|
551 |
187 (35) |
121 (21) |
243 (44) |
|
| Playing video games* |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
|
|
0.36 |
| Favourite |
211 |
71 (37) |
42 (17) |
98 (46) |
|
84 |
34 (35) |
22 (29) |
28 (36) |
|
| Second favourite |
318 |
84 (30) |
64 (19) |
170 (51) |
|
202 |
61 (28) |
54 (24) |
87 (48) |
|
| Third favourite |
392 |
83 (21) |
70 (18) |
239 (62) |
|
255 |
86 (36) |
58 (20) |
111(43) |
|
| Watching TV |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| Zero or <1 hour |
1,050 |
157 (17) |
174 (15) |
719 (68) |
|
1,186 |
274 (25) |
279 (21) |
633 (54) |
|
| 1-3hours |
2,723 |
539 (21) |
475 (18) |
1,709 (62) |
|
2,819 |
856 (30) |
656 (22) |
1,307 (47) |
|
| >3 hours |
390 |
130 (35) |
79 (21) |
181 (44) |
|
398 |
179 (45) |
77 (19) |
142 (36) |
|
| Playing video games |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
|
|
0.02 |
| Zero or <1 hour |
3,059 |
549 (20) |
522 (17) |
1,988 (63) |
|
3,923 |
1,118 (29) |
923 (22) |
1,882 (48) |
|
| 1-3hours |
1,011 |
245 (26) |
185 (17) |
581 (57) |
|
438 |
169 (37) |
82 (16) |
187 (47) |
|
| >3 hours |
93 |
32 (38) |
21 (21) |
40 (41) |
|
39 |
19 (46) |
7 (21) |
13 (32) |
|
| On the computer |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
|
|
0.34 |
| Zero or <1 hour |
3,650 |
669 (21) |
624 (17) |
2,337 (62) |
|
3,820 |
1,097 (30) |
895 (22) |
1,828 (48) |
|
| 1-3hours |
498 |
143 (31) |
94 (17) |
261 (52) |
|
549 |
200 (35) |
112 (44) |
237 (44) |
|
| >3 hours |
33 |
14 (33) |
9 (31) |
10 (36) |
|
32 |
11 (31) |
5 (15) |
16 (53) |
|
| Total screen time |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
|
|
0.002 |
| <2 hours/day |
899 |
128 (17) |
142 (14) |
629 (69) |
|
1,082 |
247 (25) |
258 (22) |
577 (53) |
|
| >2 hours/day |
3,262 |
698 (23) |
585 (18) |
1,979 (59) |
|
3,317 |
1,059 (32) |
754 (22) |
1,504 (46) |
|
|
Family factors+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Caregiver’s weight*** |
|
|
|
|
0.74 |
|
|
|
|
0.13 |
| Normal |
1,925 |
349 (21) |
340 (17) |
1,236 (62) |
|
1,962 |
552 (29) |
466 (21) |
944 (50) |
|
| Overweight |
1,244 |
262 (22) |
224 (18) |
758 (60) |
|
1,300 |
391 (31) |
282 (21) |
627 (47) |
|
| Obese |
655 |
149 (23) |
112 (17) |
394 (60) |
|
1735 |
248 (35) |
172 (23) |
315 (43) |
|
| Caregiver’s education |
|
|
|
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| </=lower second level |
674 |
156 (25) |
108 (15) |
410 (60) |
|
834 |
281 (35) |
151 (17) |
402 (48) |
|
| Higher second level |
1,295 |
287 (23) |
248 (19) |
760 (58) |
|
1,403 |
428 (31) |
319 (22) |
656 (47) |
|
| Post second level |
1,056 |
203 (21) |
173 (16) |
680 (63) |
|
1,067 |
302 (27) |
241 (23) |
524 (50) |
|
| Third level |
1,138 |
180 (17) |
199 (17) |
759 (66) |
|
1,099 |
298 (26) |
301 (27) |
500 (47) |
|
| Siblings |
|
|
|
|
0.59 |
|
|
|
|
0.17 |
| Yes |
3,716 |
728 (22) |
656 (18) |
2,332 (61) |
|
3,977 |
1,166 (30) |
910 (21) |
1,901 (49) |
|
| No |
329 |
66 (20) |
57 (16) |
206 (64) |
|
330 |
101 (32) |
88 (26) |
141 (42) |
|
| Household type |
|
|
|
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
0.71 |
| Single Parent |
457 |
119 (28) |
58 (14) |
280 (59) |
|
534 |
165 (32) |
118 (20) |
251 (48) |
|
| Two parent |
3,706 |
707 (21) |
670 (18) |
2,329 (61) |
|
3,869 |
1,144 (31) |
894 (22) |
1,831 (47) |
|
|
Environmental factors+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Transport to school |
|
|
|
|
0.21 |
|
|
|
|
0.68 |
| Active |
1,047 |
199 (23) |
167 (15) |
681 (62) |
|
1,085 |
298 (30) |
261 (22) |
526 (49) |
|
| Inactive |
3,116 |
627 (22) |
561 (18) |
1,928 (60) |
|
3,318 |
1,011 (31) |
751 (21) |
1,556 (47) |
|
| Transport from school |
|
|
|
|
0.24 |
|
|
|
|
0.48 |
| Active |
1,160 |
223 (23) |
190 (15) |
747 (63) |
|
1,209 |
339 (30) |
298 (23) |
572 (48) |
|
| Inactive |
3,003 |
603 (21) |
538 (18) |
1,862 (60) |
|
3,189 |
967 (31) |
713 (21) |
1,509 (48) |
|
| School playground^ |
|
|
|
|
0.19 |
|
|
|
|
0.79 |
| Fair/poor |
1,660 |
320 (22) |
316 (19) |
1,024 (59) |
|
1,704 |
501 (30) |
398 (22) |
805 (48) |
|
| Good/excellent |
2,361 |
453 (22) |
389 (16) |
1,489 (62) |
|
2,493 |
751 (31) |
573 (21) |
1,169 (48) |
|
| School sports facilities^ |
|
|
|
|
0.97 |
|
|
|
|
0.43 |
| Fair/poor |
1,765 |
343 (22) |
310 (17) |
1,112 (60) |
|
1,908 |
573 (31) |
417 (20) |
918 (48) |
|
| Good/excellent |
2,267 |
460 (22) |
397 (17) |
1,410 (61) |
|
2,341 |
698 (31) |
563 (22) |
1080 (47) |
|
| Safe places to play |
|
|
|
|
0.34 |
|
|
|
|
0.18 |
| Agree |
3,814 |
740 (22) |
662 (17) |
2412 (61) |
|
4,016 |
1,194 (30) |
925 (22) |
1,897 (48) |
|
| Disagree | 344 | 85 (26) | 64 (16) | 195 (58) | 113 | 381 (36) | 87 (19) | 181 (46) | ||
+All data is primary caregiver reported unless indicated otherwise.
*Child-reported variable.
**Weight status defined as BMI classified according to International Obesity Taskforce on Obesity age and gender specific guidelines using objectively measured height and weight data.
***Weight status defined as BMI classified according to World Health Organisation guidelines using objectively measured height and weight data.
^School principal reported data.
#Favourite refers to the study child reporting the hobby as being their favourite thing to do.