Table 2.
Independent association of each of the individual, family and environmental level factors and moderate or high PA levels
|
Variable |
Moderate PA* (N = 1,740) |
High PA* (N = 4,691) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
|
Individual factors+ |
|
|
|
|
| Gender |
|
|
|
|
| Boys |
1.13 (0.96-1.33) |
0.14 |
1.79 (1.55-2.07) |
<0.001 |
| Girls |
1*** |
|
1 |
|
| Child’s weight status# |
|
|
|
|
| Obese |
0.52 (0.38-0.71) |
<0.001 |
0.34 (0.26-0.44) |
<0.001 |
| Overweight |
0.78 (0.64-0.95) |
0.01 |
0.71 (0.60-0.84) |
<0.001 |
| Normal |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Child’s favourite hobby** |
|
|
|
|
| Active hobby^ |
1.26 (1.08-1.48) |
0.01 |
1.81 (1.57-2.08) |
<0.001 |
| Inactive hobby |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Sports/fitness club |
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
2.49 (2.09-2.98) |
<0.001 |
2.41 (2.0-2.82) |
<0.001 |
| No |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Total screen time |
|
|
|
|
| <Recommended 2 hours |
0.83 (0.67-1.01) |
0.06 |
0.66 (0.56-0.78) |
<0.001 |
| >Recommended 2 hours |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
Family factors+ |
|
|
|
|
| Caregiver’s employment |
|
|
|
|
| Not in full time |
1.31 (1.02-1.69) |
0.04 |
1.23 (0.99 -1.53) |
0.06 |
| In full time work |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Caregiver’s education |
|
|
|
|
| Third level |
1.93 (1.51-2.46) |
<0.001 |
1.56 (1.28-1.90) |
<0.001 |
| Post-secondary |
1.48 (1.17-1.87) |
<0.001 |
1.35 (1.13-1.62) |
0.001 |
| Higher secondary |
1.45 (1.16-1.79) |
<0.001 |
1.10 (0.94-1.32) |
0.23 |
| < =Lower secondary |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Caregiver’s weight status## |
|
|
|
|
| Obese |
0.86 (0.68-1.09) |
0.21 |
0.77 (0.64-0.94) |
0.01 |
| Overweight |
0.96 (0.79-1.17) |
0.69 |
0.89 (0.76-1.04) |
0.13 |
| Normal |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Siblings |
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
0.92 (0.67-1.25) |
0.57 |
1.02 (0.78-1.32) |
0.90 |
| No |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Household type |
|
|
|
|
| Two parent |
1.37 (1.07-1.75) |
0.01 |
1.19 (0.99-1.45) |
0.06 |
| Single parent |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Parenting style |
|
|
|
|
| Authoritative |
1.26 (1.03-1.55) |
0.02 |
1.22 (1.03-1.44) |
0.02 |
| Permissive |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
Environmental factors+ |
|
|
|
|
| Travel to/from school |
|
|
|
|
| Active both ways |
0.94 (0.77-1.15) |
0.54 |
1.02 (0.87-1.20) |
0.80 |
| Active one way |
1.12 (0.83-1.52) |
0.46 |
1.00 (0.79-1.28) |
0.99 |
| Inactive both ways |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| School playground*** |
|
|
|
|
| Good/excellent |
0.89 (0.74-1.06) |
0.18 |
1.00 (0.86-1.18) |
0.94 |
| Fair/poor |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| School sports facilities*** |
|
|
|
|
| Good/excellent |
1.08 (0.91-1.28) |
0.37 |
1.03 (0.88-1.20) |
0.75 |
| Fair/poor |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| Safe places to play |
|
|
|
|
| Agree |
1.20 (1.02-1.41) |
0.03 |
1.20 (1.05-1.38) |
0.01 |
| Disagree |
1 |
|
1 |
|
| After school activities |
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
1.29 (1.07-1.56) |
0.01 |
1.22 (1.04-1.42) |
0.01 |
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
+All data is primary caregiver reported unless indicated otherwise.
*Reference category: low PA.
**Child-reported data.
***School principal reported data.
****1 denotes reference category.
^Active hobby was defined as one in which the study child had a physically active participatory role.
#Weight status defined as BMI classified according to International Obesity Taskforce on Obesity age and gender specific guidelines using objectively measured height and weight data.
##Weight status defined as BMI classified according to World Health Organisation guidelines using objectively measured height and weight data.