Figure 1.

Biofilm formation, virulence, motility, antimicrobial activity and quorum sensing for P. aeruginosa PA14 with fermentation products and glucose: (a) biofilm protein density (as mass per unit area); (b) elastase concentrations (as milliunits per ml normalized for dry cell weight; including LasA and LasB activities); (c) biofilm images on glass cover slips (view is 20 mm × 20 mm); (d) motilities for culture plates; (e) PYO concentration (as micrograms per milliliter normalized for dry cell weight); (f) pyoverdine fluorescence normalized for dry cell weight; and (g) concentration of 3O-C12-HSL (expressed as β-galactosidase activity of E. coli indicator strain in Miller units normalized for dry cell weight) in supernatant. Experiments for panels a and b were performed with four fermentation products and glucose, while experiments for panels c–g were performed with only 2,3-butanediol as the fermentation product and glucose as the control. Microaerobic conditions for all panels were juxtaposed with aerobic conditions for only panels e–g. Error bars indicate standard deviation among triplicates. A two-way ANOVA was performed (*P-value <0.05; **P-value <0.01).