Table 3.
Association of Quintiles of Selenium and log2(selenium) With No Exams With Elevated Depressive Symptoms (reference group), 1 Exam With Elevated Depressive Symptoms, 2 Exams with Elevated Depressive Symptoms, and 3 or More Exams With Elevated Depressive Symptoms, CARDIA Trace Elements Study, 1987–2010. (Elevated depressive symptoms: CES-D ≥ 27 or taking antidepressant medication)
| 1 exam with elevated depressive symptoms | 2 exams with elevated depressive symptoms | 3 or more exams with elevated depressive symptoms | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Log2(Se)a | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Log2(Se)a | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Log2(Se)a | |
| Nb | 92 | 99 | 97 | 91 | 99 | 47 | 37 | 29 | 41 | 46 | 32 | 30 | 37 | 35 | 52 | |||
| Model 1c | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.77, 1.44) 0.74 |
1.00 (0.73, 1.38) 0.98 |
0.93 (0.67, 1.30) 0.68 |
1.05 (0.75, 1.46) 0.78 |
0.95 (0.60, 1.49) 0.81 |
1.00 | 0.75 (0.47, 1.17) 0.20 |
0.57 (0.35, 0.93) 0.02 |
0.80 (0.50, 1.26) 0.33 |
0.92 (0.58, 1.46) 0.73 |
1.19 (0.62. 3.30) 0.60 |
1.00 | 0.97 (0.54, 1.52) 0.70 |
1.08 (0.65, 1.80) 0.76 |
1.00 (0.60, 1.69) 0.99 |
1.50 (0.91, 2.48) 0.11 |
2.27 (1.18, 4.36) 0.01 |
| Model 2d | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.82, 1.54) 0.48 |
1.11 (0.80, 1.54) 0.53 |
1.06 (0.76, 1.49) 0.72 |
1.23 (0.87, 1.72) 0.24 |
1.17 (0.74, 1.85) 0.50 |
1.00 | 0.75 (0.48, 1.19) 0.22 |
0.58 (0.35, 0.95) 0.03 |
0.81 (0.51, 1.29) 0.38 |
0.96 (0.60, 1.54) 0.87 |
1.28 (0.66, 2.50) 0.59 |
1.00 | 0.96 (0.57, 1.63) 0.89 |
1.19 (0.71, 1.99) 0.50 |
1.15 (0.67, 1.95) 0.62 |
1.75 (1.05, 2.92) 0.03 |
2.76 (1.43, 5.33) 0.002 |
| Model 3e | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.82, 1.55) 0.46 |
1.15 (0.83, 1.60) 0.39 |
1.08 (0.77, 1.51) 0.67 |
1.26 (0.89, 1.77) 0.19 |
1.21 (0.76, 1.91) 0.42 |
1.00 | 0.75 (0.48, 1.19) 0.22 |
0.59 (0.36, 0.97) 0.04 |
0.81 (0.51, 1.29) 0.37 |
0.97 (0.61, 1.55) 0.90 |
1.30 (0.67, 2.54) 0.44 |
1.00 | 0.97 (0.57, 1.65) 0.92 |
1.25 (0.75, 2.10) 0.39 |
1.16 (0.68, 1.98) 0.59 |
1.73 (1.04, 2.89) 0.04 |
2.70 (1.39, 5.22) 0.003 |
CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
Data are OR (95% CI), p-value.
A unit increase in log2(Selenium) represents a doubling of the selenium level.
Ns for no exams with elevated depressive symptoms in Q1 through Q5, respectively: 575, 581, 585, 580, 550
Adjusted for age, race, gender, and study center
Adjusted for model 1 variables and body mass index, cigarettes per day, alcohol intake (milliliters per day), toenail mass (mg), and taking a supplement (yes/no)
Adjusted for model 2 variables and education (years), employment status (2 categories: unemployed, employed), ability to pay for basics (2 categories: somewhat hard, hard, or very hard vs not very hard), marital status (3 categories: married, never married, and widowed, separated or divorced), total physical activity.