Table 2.
Boys | Girls | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β b | SE | p | β b | SE | p | |
Personal | ||||||
PA self-efficacy | 0.700 | 0.053 | <0.0001 * | 0.575 | 0.047 | <0.0001 * |
PA barriers | −0.220 | 0.044 | <0.0001 * | −0.269 | 0.034 | <0.0001 * |
PA enjoyment | −0.594 | 0.063 | <0.0001 * | −0.474 | 0.047 | <0.0001 * |
PA self-management | 0.499 | 0.040 | <0.0001 * | 0.496 | 0.035 | <0.0001 * |
Sport participation | 2.319 | 0.284 | <0.0001 * | 1.906 | 0.232 | <0.0001 * |
Family | ||||||
Home PA resources | 0.225 | 0.116 | 0.052 | 0.265 | 0.090 | 0.003 * |
Parent-reported weekly PA | 0.084 | 0.026 | 0.001 * | 0.042 | 0.021 | 0.046 * |
Perceived mom’s PA | 0.380 | 0.148 | 0.011 * | 0.488 | 0.114 | <0.0001 * |
Perceived dad’s PA | 0.589 | 0.135 | <0.0001 * | 0.565 | 0.109 | <0.0001 * |
Parent active with child | 0.186 | 0.083 | 0.025 * | 0.051 | 0.067 | 0.442 |
Parent helps child be active | 0.381 | 0.064 | <0.0001 * | 0.346 | 0.054 | <0.0001 * |
Family support for PA | 0.605 | 0.088 | <0.0001 * | 0.466 | 0.069 | <0.0001 * |
Friends | ||||||
Friend support for PA | 0.597 | 0.063 | <0.0001 * | 0.498 | 0.055 | <0.0001 * |
Male friends’ MVPAc | 0.058 | 0.040 | 0.141 | 0.118 | 0.037 | 0.001* |
Female friends’ MVPAc | 0.115 | 0.047 | 0.013 * | 0.173 | 0.037 | <0.0001 * |
Male friends play sportsc | 1.544 | 0.413 | 0.000 * | 0.619 | 0.409 | 0.130 |
Female friends play sportsc | 0.727 | 0.439 | 0.098 | 0.153 | 0.333 | 0.647 |
School | ||||||
Currently taking P.E. | 0.563 | 0.274 | 0.040 * | 0.581 | 0.232 | 0.012 * |
Total indoor PA facilities | 0.183 | 0.094 | 0.052 | 0.130 | 0.101 | 0.198 |
Total outdoor PA facilities | 0.013 | 0.146 | 0.929 | 0.285 | 0.131 | 0.030 * |
P.E. facilities well maintained | −0.121 | 0.314 | 0.700 | −0.174 | 0.316 | 0.583 |
Activity fee | 1.208 | 0.721 | 0.094 | −0.163 | 0.707 | 0.818 |
Activity fee waiver | 0.448 | 0.471 | 0.342 | −0.200 | 0.609 | 0.743 |
Late bus | −0.276 | 0.472 | 0.559 | −1.142 | 0.408 | 0.005 * |
Sport bus | −0.247 | 0.596 | 0.679 | 0.544 | 0.599 | 0.364 |
School promoting PA | −0.719 | 0.374 | 0.055 | −0.546 | 0.433 | 0.207 |
School effort promoting PA | 0.099 | 0.228 | 0.665 | 0.083 | 0.232 | 0.719 |
District effort promoting PA | −0.174 | 0.229 | 0.446 | 0.027 | 0.232 | 0.908 |
Student campaign involvement | 0.319 | 0.460 | 0.488 | −0.209 | 0.465 | 0.653 |
Groups use school PA facilities | 0.194 | 0.520 | 0.709 | 0.391 | 0.508 | 0.441 |
Teams use school PA facilities | 0.261 | 0.453 | 0.565 | 0.155 | 0.457 | 0.735 |
Open gym in school PA facilities | 0.226 | 0.440 | 0.607 | −0.103 | 0.464 | 0.824 |
Neighborhood d | ||||||
Neighborhood safety | −0.250 | 0.173 | 0.148 | −0.128 | 0.140 | 0.362 |
Crime (density) | −0.483 | 0.284 | 0.089 | −0.001 | 0.238 | 0.997 |
Green space (distance) | 0.013 | 0.272 | 0.962 | −0.077 | 0.231 | 0.740 |
Green space (%) | 0.433 | 0.277 | 0.118 | 0.485 | 0.232 | 0.036 * |
Recreation center (distance) | −0.067 | 0.271 | 0.805 | −0.225 | 0.228 | 0.324 |
Recreation center (density) | −0.018 | 0.272 | 0.948 | 0.036 | 0.229 | 0.875 |
Gym (distance) | −0.227 | 0.274 | 0.407 | 0.298 | 0.230 | 0.195 |
Gym (density) | 0.012 | 0.275 | 0.966 | −0.243 | 0.230 | 0.291 |
Trail (distance) | 0.153 | 0.270 | 0.572 | 0.425 | 0.231 | 0.066 |
Transit stops (density) | −0.389 | 0.276 | 0.159 | −0.571 | 0.234 | 0.014 * |
Busy streets (density) | −0.028 | 0.274 | 0.918 | 0.208 | 0.229 | 0.363 |
Access points (density) | −0.033 | 0.275 | 0.906 | −0.581 | 0.231 | 0.012 * |
School (distance) | −0.182 | 0.269 | 0.500 | 0.095 | 0.230 | 0.680 |
Woman-headed households (%) | −0.178 | 0.287 | 0.536 | −0.180 | 0.240 | 0.453 |
High school graduates (%) | 0.111 | 0.287 | 0.698 | 0.236 | 0.240 | 0.326 |
Median household income | 0.167 | 0.294 | 0.571 | 0.109 | 0.241 | 0.651 |
Below poverty (%) | 0.000 | 0.293 | 1.000 | −0.502 | 0.240 | 0.037 * |
Age <18 years (%) | −0.324 | 0.286 | 0.257 | −0.002 | 0.236 | 0.994 |
Population (density) | −0.075 | 0.274 | 0.786 | −0.652 | 0.230 | 0.005 * |
Note: and boldface indicates p<0.05.
All regression models were stratified by gender and controlled for adolescent age, SES, and race/ethnicity.
The units for all β coefficients are in MVPA hours per the unit of the predictor; if the predictor is dichotomous, then β represents the difference in MVPA hours between an adolescent with the predictor equal to one compared to an adolescent with the predictor equal to zero.
Friend variables representing nominated friend data were adjusted for the number of male and female friends nominated and present in the sample.
All neighborhood variables were initially measured on continuous scales but were dichotomized at their median for analysis to facilitate interpretation and to avoid influence of outlying values arising from the right skew inherent in these measures.
MVPA, moderate to vigorous physical activity; PA, physical activity; P.E., physical education