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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Prev Med. 2014 Jun;46(6):605–616. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.01.009

Table 2.

Independent regression equations predicting weekly MVPA (hours) based on neighborhood, school, friends, family, personal factorsa

Boys Girls
β b SE p β b SE p
Personal
 PA self-efficacy 0.700 0.053 <0.0001 * 0.575 0.047 <0.0001 *
 PA barriers −0.220 0.044 <0.0001 * −0.269 0.034 <0.0001 *
 PA enjoyment −0.594 0.063 <0.0001 * −0.474 0.047 <0.0001 *
 PA self-management 0.499 0.040 <0.0001 * 0.496 0.035 <0.0001 *
 Sport participation 2.319 0.284 <0.0001 * 1.906 0.232 <0.0001 *
Family
 Home PA resources 0.225 0.116 0.052 0.265 0.090 0.003 *
 Parent-reported weekly PA 0.084 0.026 0.001 * 0.042 0.021 0.046 *
 Perceived mom’s PA 0.380 0.148 0.011 * 0.488 0.114 <0.0001 *
 Perceived dad’s PA 0.589 0.135 <0.0001 * 0.565 0.109 <0.0001 *
 Parent active with child 0.186 0.083 0.025 * 0.051 0.067 0.442
 Parent helps child be active 0.381 0.064 <0.0001 * 0.346 0.054 <0.0001 *
 Family support for PA 0.605 0.088 <0.0001 * 0.466 0.069 <0.0001 *
Friends
 Friend support for PA 0.597 0.063 <0.0001 * 0.498 0.055 <0.0001 *
 Male friends’ MVPAc 0.058 0.040 0.141 0.118 0.037 0.001*
 Female friends’ MVPAc 0.115 0.047 0.013 * 0.173 0.037 <0.0001 *
 Male friends play sportsc 1.544 0.413 0.000 * 0.619 0.409 0.130
 Female friends play sportsc 0.727 0.439 0.098 0.153 0.333 0.647
School
 Currently taking P.E. 0.563 0.274 0.040 * 0.581 0.232 0.012 *
 Total indoor PA facilities 0.183 0.094 0.052 0.130 0.101 0.198
 Total outdoor PA facilities 0.013 0.146 0.929 0.285 0.131 0.030 *
 P.E. facilities well maintained −0.121 0.314 0.700 −0.174 0.316 0.583
 Activity fee 1.208 0.721 0.094 −0.163 0.707 0.818
 Activity fee waiver 0.448 0.471 0.342 −0.200 0.609 0.743
 Late bus −0.276 0.472 0.559 −1.142 0.408 0.005 *
 Sport bus −0.247 0.596 0.679 0.544 0.599 0.364
 School promoting PA −0.719 0.374 0.055 −0.546 0.433 0.207
 School effort promoting PA 0.099 0.228 0.665 0.083 0.232 0.719
 District effort promoting PA −0.174 0.229 0.446 0.027 0.232 0.908
 Student campaign involvement 0.319 0.460 0.488 −0.209 0.465 0.653
 Groups use school PA facilities 0.194 0.520 0.709 0.391 0.508 0.441
 Teams use school PA facilities 0.261 0.453 0.565 0.155 0.457 0.735
 Open gym in school PA facilities 0.226 0.440 0.607 −0.103 0.464 0.824
Neighborhood d
 Neighborhood safety −0.250 0.173 0.148 −0.128 0.140 0.362
 Crime (density) −0.483 0.284 0.089 −0.001 0.238 0.997
 Green space (distance) 0.013 0.272 0.962 −0.077 0.231 0.740
 Green space (%) 0.433 0.277 0.118 0.485 0.232 0.036 *
 Recreation center (distance) −0.067 0.271 0.805 −0.225 0.228 0.324
 Recreation center (density) −0.018 0.272 0.948 0.036 0.229 0.875
 Gym (distance) −0.227 0.274 0.407 0.298 0.230 0.195
 Gym (density) 0.012 0.275 0.966 −0.243 0.230 0.291
 Trail (distance) 0.153 0.270 0.572 0.425 0.231 0.066
 Transit stops (density) −0.389 0.276 0.159 −0.571 0.234 0.014 *
 Busy streets (density) −0.028 0.274 0.918 0.208 0.229 0.363
 Access points (density) −0.033 0.275 0.906 −0.581 0.231 0.012 *
 School (distance) −0.182 0.269 0.500 0.095 0.230 0.680
 Woman-headed households (%) −0.178 0.287 0.536 −0.180 0.240 0.453
 High school graduates (%) 0.111 0.287 0.698 0.236 0.240 0.326
 Median household income 0.167 0.294 0.571 0.109 0.241 0.651
 Below poverty (%) 0.000 0.293 1.000 −0.502 0.240 0.037 *
 Age <18 years (%) −0.324 0.286 0.257 −0.002 0.236 0.994
 Population (density) −0.075 0.274 0.786 −0.652 0.230 0.005 *
*

Note: and boldface indicates p<0.05.

a

All regression models were stratified by gender and controlled for adolescent age, SES, and race/ethnicity.

b

The units for all β coefficients are in MVPA hours per the unit of the predictor; if the predictor is dichotomous, then β represents the difference in MVPA hours between an adolescent with the predictor equal to one compared to an adolescent with the predictor equal to zero.

c

Friend variables representing nominated friend data were adjusted for the number of male and female friends nominated and present in the sample.

d

All neighborhood variables were initially measured on continuous scales but were dichotomized at their median for analysis to facilitate interpretation and to avoid influence of outlying values arising from the right skew inherent in these measures.

MVPA, moderate to vigorous physical activity; PA, physical activity; P.E., physical education