Table 2.
Characteristics of studies meeting the inclusion criteria (n = 13).
| Author | Country | Control group (Y/N) |
N (Total) |
N (HIV+) |
N (Controls) |
Sex (% men) |
HIV+ Race/ Ethnicity (%) |
HIV+ Age (years) | HIV+ BMI (kg/m2) |
HIV+ ART exposure (%) |
Fracture classification method |
Fracture type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arnsten et al. [23]a | USA | Y | 526 | 317 | 209 | 100 | 61 B; 12 W; 23 H | 54.7, 5 (mean, SD) | 15% with BMI ≥30 | 87 (ever) | Self-report | All |
| Bedimo et al. [16] | USA | N | 56 660 | 56 660 | 98 | With OF: 57 W; Without: 45 W | With OF: 46; Without: 44 (median) | With OF: 49% <20; Without: 33% <20 | 69 (ever) | ICD codes | Fragility (vertebral, hip, and wrist) | |
| Collin et al. [18] | France | N | 1281 | 1281 | 77 | 83.1b | 36.2 (median) | 22 (median) | 100 (ever) | Self-report | All | |
| Grund et al. [20] | USA, Australia, Spain | N | 2753 (VS), 2720 (DC) | 2753 (VS), 2720 (DC) | 73c | 55.6 W; 29.1 B; 15.3 Oc | 43, 38–50 (median, IQR)c | – | 95 (ever) | ICD codes | All | |
| Hansen et al. [15] | Denmark | Y | 31 836 | 5306 | 26 530 | 76 | 80 W | 36.7, 30.5–44.5 (median, IQR) | – | 78 (during study period) | ICD codes | All, Fragility (low-energy trauma) |
| Hasse et al. [25] | Switzerland | N | 8444 | 8444 | 71 | 66.1 W; 8.4 B; 1.6 H; 2.3 A; 21.5 Ud | 45, 39–51 (median, IQR) | 23.5 (median) | 94 (ever) | Self-report | All, Fragility (inadequate trauma) | |
| Volk et al. [21] | USA | Y | 462 656 | 95 827 | 366 829 | 63 | 27 W; 44 B; 9 H; 20 O | 39, 33–46 (median, IQR) | – | 100 (ever) | ICD codes | Fragility (hip and vertebral) |
| Walker Harris et al. [12] | USA | Y | 5106 | – | – | 100 | 70%W | 45.2 (mean) | 25 (mean) | – | Self-report | Fragility (hip, humerus, forearm, spine) |
| Womack et al. [13] | USA | Y | 119 318 | 40 115 | 79 203 | 100 | 55% B/H | At fracture: 54, 10 (mean, SD) | 25 (median) | 75 (at any time during follow-up) | ICD codes | Fragility (hip, vertebral, upper arm) |
| Yin et al. [11] | USA | Y | 2391 | 1728 | 663 | 0 | 13.3 W; 56.3 B; 27.2 H; 3.2 O | 40.4, 8.8 (mean, SD) | 28.5 (mean) | 65.6 (at index visit) | Self-report | All, Fragility (fall from standing height or less) |
| Yin et al. [24] | USA | N | 4640 | 4640 | 83 | 48 W; 28.7 B; 20.4 H; 1.8 A; 1.2 O | 39, 33–45 (median, IQR) | 25 (median) | 26.5 (ever at index) | Self-report | All, Fragility (spine, hip, and wrist) | |
| Yong et al. [17] | Australia | N | 2424 | 2424 | 89 | Cases: 92 W; 3 B; 5 A | Cases: 49.8; Controls: 49.5; (mean) | Cases: 22.5 Controls: 25.2 (mean) | Cases and Controls: 84 (at time of fracture) | ICD codes | All, Fragility (atraumatic or low trauma) | |
| Young et al. [14]e | USA | Y | 224 488 004 | 3004 | 224 485 000 | 78 | 52 W; 33 B; 11.7 H; 3.5 O | 40, 36–46 (median, IQR) | 24.4 (median) | 73 (ever) | Discharge summary or self-report for HIV+ ICD codes for HIV- | All, Fragility (wrist, vertebra, and femoral neck of the nip) |
A, Asian; B, black; DC, drug conservation group; H, Hispanic/Latino; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not available; O, Other; OF, osteoporotic fracture; U, unknown; VS, viral suppression group; W, white.
a
Data presented from Arnsten et al. [23] for individuals who had at least one interview following DEXA scan. Characteristics are for the full population (N = 559).
b
Unspecified. 83.1% born in France or England.
c
Reported in [26].
d
Reported in [27].
e
Data presented from Young et al. [14] from 2006, characteristics are from all participants followed during 2000–2008.