Table 3.
GEE Analyses of Relationships between Alternative Reinforcers, Depressive Symptoms, and Week 8 Smoking Abstinence, over Time
| Model 1: Substitute Reinforcers | β | 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Constant | 33.65 | 26.05 to 41.24 | < .001 |
| FTND | −1.86 | −2.64 to −1.07 | < .001 |
| Age of smoking initiation | −0.04 | −0.32 to 0.23 | .77 |
| Patch adherence | 0.13 | 0.03 to 0.23 | .009 |
| Baseline (Week -2) Substitute Reinforcers | Ref. | ||
| Week 0 Substitute Reinforcers | 5.37 | 2.93 to 7.82 | < .001 |
| Week 4 Substitute Reinforcers | 11.91 | 9.36 to 14.46 | < .001 |
| Week 8 Substitute Reinforcers | 12.04 | 9.37 to 14.70 | < .001 |
| W8 Smoking Status (baseline adjustment) | −5.76 | −10.21 to −1.31 | .011 |
| Week 0 × W8 Smoking Status | 5.47 | 1.11 to 9.83 | .01 |
| Week 4 × W8 Smoking Status | 10.48 | 6.06 to 14.89 | < .001 |
| Week 8 × W8 Smoking Status | 12.05 | 7.59 to 16.50 | < .001 |
| Model 2: Complementary Reinforcers | β | 95% CI | p |
| Constant | 32.79 | 26.93 to 38.64 | < .001 |
| FTND | 0.94 | 0.34 to 1.53 | .002 |
| Age of smoking initiation | 0.06 | −0.15 to 0.27 | .57 |
| Patch adherence | −0.07 | −0.15 to 0.00 | .05 |
| Baseline (Week -2) Complementary Reinforcers | Ref. | ||
| Week 0 Complementary Reinforcers | −9.70 | −12.09 to −7.32 | < .001 |
| Week 4 Complementary Reinforcers | −20.70 | −23.19 to −18.21 | < .001 |
| Week 8 Complementary Reinforcers | −20.90 | −23.50 to −18.30 | < .001 |
| W8 Smoking Status (baseline adjustment) | −0.45 | −4.19 to 3.30 | .81 |
| Week 0 × W8 Smoking Status | −0.50 | −4.76 to 3.77 | .82 |
| Week 4 × W8 Smoking Status | −1.91 | −6.23 to 2.41 | .39 |
| Week 8 × W8 Smoking Status | −6.04 | −10.40 to −1.68 | .007 |
| Model 3: Depressive Symptoms | β | 95% CI | p |
| Constant | 8.59 | 5.63 to 11.55 | < .001 |
| FTND | 0.70 | 0.40 to 1.01 | < .001 |
| Age of smoking initiation | 0.01 | −0.10 to 0.12 | .91 |
| Patch adherence | −0.03 | −0.07 to 0.00 | .09 |
| Baseline (Week -2) Depressive Symptoms | Ref. | ||
| Week 0 Depressive Symptoms | −1.50 | −2.37 to −0.63 | .001 |
| Week 4 Depressive Symptoms | −1.21 | −2.11 to −0.30 | .009 |
| Week 8 Depressive Symptoms | −1.55 | −2.50 to −0.60 | .001 |
| W8 Smoking Status (baseline adjustment) | 1.07 | −0.62 to 2.76 | .22 |
| Week 0 × W8 Smoking Status | −1.52 | −3.07 to 0.04 | .06 |
| Week 4 × W8 Smoking Status | −1.20 | −2.78 to 0.37 | .13 |
| Week 8 × W8 Smoking Status | −2.40 | −3.98 to −0.81 | .003 |