Table 3.

Therapeutic Studies on the Use of EPCs for Bone Healing

Author	Animal	Model	Target materials	Research purpose
Matsumoto et al.32	Nude rat	Systemic transplantation to nonhealing femoral fracture model	Human circulating CD34+ cells	Mobilization and incorporation of CD34+ cells Enhanced angiogenesis/vasculogenesis and osteogenesis Radiological, histological, and biomechanical bone healing
Mifune et al.33	Nude rat	Local transplantation to nonhealing femoral fracture model	Human circulating CD34+ cells	Enhanced angiogenesis/vasculogenesis and osteogenesis Radiological, histological, and biomechanical bone healing
Rozen et al.53	Sheep	Local transplantation to tibial critical size defect model	Cultured EPCs	Radiological and histological bone healing
Atesok et al.52	Rat	Local transplantation to femoral segmental bone defect model	Cultured EPCs	Radiological and histological bone healing
Li et al.51	Rat	Local transplantation to femoral segmental bone defect model	Cultured EPCs	Radiological and biomechanical bone healing
Fukui et al.34	Nude rat	Local transplantation to nonhealing femoral fracture model	Human circulating CD34+ cells and MNCs	Enhanced angiogenesis/vasculogenesis and osteogenesis Radiological, histological, and biomechanical bone healing