Skip to main content
. 2011 Nov 7;1(1):32–47. doi: 10.3390/biom1010032

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Ursolic acid inhibits TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression. (a) A549 cells were preincubated with various concentrations of ursolic acid for 1 h and then incubated with (filled circles) or without (open circles) TNF-α (2.5 ng/mL) for 6 h in the presence of ursolic acid. ICAM-1 expression (%) was measured by the Cell ELISA assay. Data points represent means ± SD (n = 3). * P < 0.01, compared with control; (b) A549 cells were incubated with various concentrations of ursolic acid for 1 h and then incubated with (filled circles) or without (open circles) TNF-α (2.5 ng/mL) for 6 h in the presence of ursolic acid. Cell viability (%) was measured by the MTT assay. Data points represent means ± SD (n = 3). * P < 0.05, compared with control; (c) A549 cells were preincubated with various concentrations of ursolic acid for 1 h and then incubated with (+) or without (–) TNF-α (2.5 ng/mL) for 6 h. Protein expression of ICAM-1 was analyzed by Western blotting; (d) A549 cells were pretreated with indicated concentrations of ursolic acid for 1 h and then incubated with (+) or without (–) TNF-α (2.5 ng/mL) for 6 h in the presence of ursolic acid. ICAM-1 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The ratio of ICAM-1 mRNA relative to β-actin mRNA is shown as means ± SD (n = 3). * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01, compared with control.