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. 2014 Mar 11;5(1):15–26. doi: 10.3390/jfb5010015

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Sub-micron vibrations modulate bacterial adhesion to a chemically active surface. (A) Quantitative analysis of area covered by E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis bacterial colonies shows significant (p < 0.05) reduction in adhesion to PLLA treated material surfaces when subjected to vibrations; (B) Quantitative measurements were normalized to non-vibrated samples. Error bars represent ±S.E.M.