Table 1. Comparison of demographics and comorbidity between patients with COPD and controls.
| COPD | |||||||||
| Control (N = 20729) | Without T2DM (N = 14910) | With T2DM (N = 5820) | Total (N = 20730) | ||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | p-value | |
| Age (years) | 0.99 | ||||||||
| <65 | 8185 | 39.5 | 6301 | 42.3 | 1884 | 32.4 | 8185 | 39.5 | |
| 65–74 | 6629 | 32.0 | 4427 | 29.7 | 2202 | 37.8 | 6629 | 32.0 | |
| ≥75 | 5915 | 28.5 | 4182 | 28.1 | 1734 | 29.8 | 5916 | 28.5 | |
| Mean (SD) # | 65.0 | 14.6 | 64.8 | 15.5 | 68.9 | 10.8 | 65.9 | 14.5 | <0.0001 |
| Sex | 0.99 | ||||||||
| Female | 7439 | 35.9 | 4942 | 33.2 | 2497 | 42.9 | 7439 | 35.9 | |
| Male | 13290 | 64.1 | 9968 | 66.9 | 3323 | 57.1 | 13291 | 64.1 | |
| Urbanization level† | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| 1 (highest) | 5611 | 27.1 | 3607 | 24.2 | 1371 | 23.6 | 4978 | 24.0 | |
| 2 | 5370 | 25.9 | 3901 | 26.2 | 1573 | 27.0 | 5474 | 26.4 | |
| 3 | 3568 | 17.2 | 2583 | 17.3 | 926 | 15.9 | 3509 | 16.9 | |
| 4 (lowest) | 6180 | 29.8 | 4819 | 32.3 | 1950 | 33.5 | 6769 | 32.7 | |
| Monthly Income (NTD&) | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| <15,000 | 7259 | 35.0 | 5216 | 35.0 | 2222 | 38.2 | 7438 | 35.9 | |
| 15,000–19,999 | 9304 | 44.9 | 7076 | 47.5 | 2727 | 46.9 | 9803 | 47.3 | |
| ≥20,000 | 4166 | 20.1 | 2618 | 17.6 | 871 | 15.0 | 3489 | 16.8 | |
| Comorbidity | |||||||||
| Pneumoconiosis | 141 | 0.68 | 282 | 1.89 | 82 | 1.41 | 364 | 1.76 | <0.0001 |
| Interstitial lung disease‡ | 5 | 0.02 | 11 | 0.07 | 8 | 0.14 | 19 | 0.09 | <0.0001 |
| Pulmonary TB | 339 | 1.64 | 968 | 6.49 | 362 | 6.22 | 1330 | 6.42 | <0.0001 |
Chi-square test compared to total COPD; #:Two sample t-test; ‡:Fisher exact test
†
The urbanization level was categorized by the population density of the residential area into 4 levels, with level 1 as the most urbanized and level 4 as the least urbanized. &NTD: New Taiwan dollar.