Restoration of cacophony levels rescues locomotion defects in TBPH null larvae. Third instar larvae were placed on agar plates, allowed to crawl for 5 minutes and the total distance crawled quantified. As described previously, TBPH null mutants (TBPH−/−) crawled dramatically less distance than both control larvae (w1118 and A1) and this was partially restored in TBPH rescue (TBPH>TBPH) larvae (Hazelett et al, 2012). By contrast the locomotion behavior was significantly restored by expressing cacophony either in all neurons (APPL>CAC) or only in motor neurons (D42>CAC) but no change in crawling distance was observed when cacophony was expressed in cholinergic neurons (Cha>CAC). Over-expression of cacophony in all neurons (ELAV>CAC) in a wild type background had no effect on crawling distance. ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001, ANOVA, n=12–25 larvae.