FIGURE 7.

Glucose flow is shifted to the pentose phosphate pathway and reversed from GAP to Fru-1,6-BP in Nmnat3^gt/gt erythrocytes. A, primary cultured erythrocytes prepared from WT and Nmnat3^gt/gt mice were cultivated in the medium containing [U-¹³C]glucose. ¹³C-Labeled metabolites were monitored by the MRM-based LC-MS/MS method. Samples were harvested at the time point of 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. Data are presented as mean ± S.D. (n = 4 for each group). B, scheme of the carbon flow by [1,2-¹³C]glucose tracer analysis. White and red circles are ¹²C and ¹³C, respectively. C and D, primary cultured erythrocytes prepared from WT and Nmnat3^gt/gt mice were cultivated in medium containing [1,2-¹³C]glucose. Different isotopomers of ¹³C-labeled Fru-1,6-BP (C) and ribose 5-phosphate/ribulose 5-phosphate (R5P/Ru5P) (D) were monitored by the MRM-based LC-MS/MS method. Samples were harvested at the time points of 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. Data are presented as mean ± S.D. (n = 4 for each group). E, measurement of ATP level in whole blood collected from WT and Nmnat3^gt/gt mice (n = 4 for each group). Data are presented as mean ± S.D.