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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care. 2014 Apr;52(4):314–321. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000088

Table 3.

Racial and ethnic disparities in social engagement (overall score≥3) among long-term nursing home residents, 2008: stratified by key patient and facility characteristic

Stratum Unadjusted Rate, %
Multivariable Logistic Estimate*
White Black Hispanic Other Black Hispanic Other
OR P OR P OR P
Stratified by patient characteristic
 Age
  <65 53.6 47.7 40.1 44.6 0.85 <0.001 0.82 <0.001 0.87 0.027
  65–74 52.3 43.5 37.4 40.3 0.92 0.002 0.75 <0.001 0.81 0.001
  75–84 49.0 38.3 35.6 38.5 0.86 <0.001 0.79 <0.001 0.81 <0.001
  ≥85 48.6 35.6 34.1 37.5 0.90 <0.001 0.81 <0.001 0.77 <0.001
 Gender
  Female 49.8 39.7 36.5 39.3 0.88 <0.001 0.80 <0.001 0.79 <0.001
  Male 49.1 42.5 36.3 39.8 0.86 <0.001 0.78 <0.001 0.84 <0.001
 Marital status
  Married 43.8 35.9 31.9 33.3 0.89 <0.001 0.81 <0.001 0.78 <0.001
  Not married 50.9 41.4 37.4 41.4 0.86 <0.001 0.78 <0.001 0.81 <0.001
 Hearing
  Adequate or with minimal difficulty 50.7 41.6 37.2 40.3 0.87 <0.001 0.79 <0.001 0.80 <0.001
  More than minimal difficulty 41.6 27.9 25.9 33.1 0.89 0.011 0.77 <0.001 0.85 0.081
 Vision ability
  Adequate, impaired or moderately impaired 53.2 45.2 40.2 43.6 0.87 <0.001 0.78 <0.001 0.81 <0.001
  Highly or severely impaired 22.2 17.1 14.6 14.7 0.91 0.023 0.79 0.006 0.80 0.022
 Ability of communication
  Adequate 64.0 54.8 53.1 59.6 0.83 <0.001 0.79 <0.001 0.89 0.057
  Not adequate 34.6 28.6 25.5 27.9 0.90 <0.001 0.77 <0.001 0.74 <0.001
Stratified by facility characteristic
 Facility size
  Large (# beds≥153) 48.5 40.2 34.4 37.7 0.84 <0.001 0.76 <0.001 0.73 <0.001
  Small (# beds<153) 50.5 41.4 38.5 41.7 0.90 <0.001 0.82 <0.001 0.87 0.009
 Profit status
  For-profit 48.4 40.8 36.4 39.0 0.91 <0.001 0.80 <0.001 0.87 0.006
  Non-for-profit or government 51.7 39.2 36.2 37.6 0.78 <0.001 0.73 0.001 0.66 <0.001
 Chain affiliation
  Yes 48.4 39.4 37.9 38.6 0.92 <0.001 0.90 0.008 0.86 0.006
  No 50.8 41.6 34.9 38.7 0.82 <0.001 0.70 <0.001 0.77 <0.001
 Percent of Medicaid residents
  High (≥70.6%) 48.2 41.0 35.4 39.3 0.89 <0.001 0.78 <0.001 0.82 <0.001
  Low (<70.6%) 52.1 39.8 40.1 40.2 0.84 <0.001 0.83 0.017 0.76 0.001
 Geographic location
  Rural 52.2 39.9 43.8 55.1 0.97 0.390 0.78 0.009 1.01 0.917
  Non-rural 48.5 40.5 35.6 35.9 0.86 <0.001 0.79 <0.001 0.79 <0.001
*

Multivariable logistic regression in each stratum adjusted for patient, facility, county characteristics (see Table 1), as well as state dummies.

OR=odds ratio.