Table 3.

Diagnosis-Related Group Families with Greatest Contributions to Preventable Adverse Drug Events

Description (MS DRGs included in each family)	Proportion of preventable ADEs resulting from injectable medication, %	Proportion of hospitalizations, %	Probability of a preventable ADE resulting from injectable medication administered at the hospital, %
Septicemia or severe sepsis without mechanical ventilation 96+ hrs (871–872)	3.75	1.94	6.3
Major small and large bowel procedures (329–331)	2.71	0.86	10.4
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or tracheostomy with mechanical ventilation 96+ hrs (003)	2.57	0.14	59.8
Heart failure and shock (291–293)	2.56	2.18	3.9
Respiratory system diagnosis with ventilator support (207–208)	2.44	0.60	13.3
Major joint replacement or reattachment of lower extremity (469–470)	2.42	2.40	3.3
Cesarean section (765–766)	2.27	3.57	2.1
Coronary bypass (231–236)	2.15	0.41	17.2
Simple pneumonia and pleurisy (193–195)	2.04	2.25	3.0
Esophagitis, gastroenteritis, and miscellaneous digestive disorders (391–392)	1.84	2.52	2.4
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (190–192)	1.73	1.85	3.1
Cardiac valve and other major cardiothoracic procedure (216–221)	1.63	0.28	18.9
Infectious and parasitic diseases with operating room procedure (853–855)	1.59	0.29	18.1
Percutaneous cardiovascular procedure with stent (246–249)	1.51	1.26	3.9
Rehabilitation (945–946)	1.48	1.32	3.7
Diabetes (637–639)	1.48	0.91	5.3
Cellulitis (602–603)	1.47	1.47	3.3
Tracheostomy with mechanical ventilation 96+ hrs (004)	1.46	0.12	38.8
Vaginal delivery (774–775)	1.45	6.75	0.7
Renal failure (682–684)	1.41	1.15	4.0

ADEs indicates adverse drug events; MS DRGs, Medicare severity diagnosis-related groups.