| Length of stay |
Low |
6 (6 good) |
RR, 0.96 (0.88–1.05) favoring CDSS |
5 |
Limited evidence that CDSSs that automatically delivered system-initiated recommendations to providers were effective or demonstrated a trend toward reducing length of stay |
| Morbidity |
Moderate |
22 (13 good, 7 fair, 2 poor) |
RR, 0.88 (0.80–0.96) favoring CDSS |
16 |
Modest evidence from academic and community inpatient and ambulatory settings that locally developed CDSSs that automatically delivered system-initiated recommendations to providers synchronously at the point of care were effective or demonstrated a trend toward reducing patient morbidity |
| Mortality |
Low |
7 (6 good, 1 fair) |
OR, 0.79 (0.54–1.15) favoring CDSS |
6 |
Limited evidence that CDSSs integrated in CPOE or EHR systems that automatically delivered system-initiated recommendations to providers were effective or demonstrated a trend toward reducing patient mortality |
| Adverse events |
Low |
5 (3 good, 1 fair, 1 poor) |
RR, 1.01 (0.90–1.14) favoring control |
5 |
Limited evidence from academic settings that CDSSs that delivered recommendations to providers synchronously at the point of care demonstrated an effect on reducing or preventing adverse events |
| Health care process measures. Recommended preventive care service ordered or completed |
High |
43 (20 good, 16 fair, 7 poor) |
OR, 1.42 (1.27–1.58) favoring CDSS |
25 |
Strong evidence from studies conducted in academic, VA, and community inpatient and ambulatory settings that locally and commercially developed CDSSs that automatically delivered system-initiated recommendations to providers synchronously at the point of care and did not require a mandatory clinician response were effective at improving the appropriate ordering of preventive care procedures |
| Recommended clinical study ordered or completed |
Moderate |
29 (16 good, 9 fair, 4 poor) |
OR, 1.72 (1.47–2.00) favoring CDSS |
20 |
Modest evidence from studies conducted in academic and community inpatient and ambulatory settings that CDSSs integrated in CPOE or EHR systems and locally and commercially developed CDSSs that automatically delivered system-initiated recommendations to providers synchronously at the point of care and did not require a mandatory clinician response were effective at improving the appropriate ordering of clinical studies |
| Recommended treatment ordered or prescribed |
High |
67 (35 good, 24 fair, 8 poor) |
OR, 1.57 (1.35–1.82) favoring CDSS |
46 |
Strong evidence from academic, community, and VA inpatient and ambulatory settings that locally and commercially developed CDSSs integrated in CPOE or EHR systems that automatically delivered system-initiated recommendations to providers synchronously at the point of care and did not require a mandatory clinician response were effective at improving appropriate treatment ordering or prescribing |
