| Define the injection site and the appropriate apparatus. |
There are devices specific for different puncture sites. |
| Use aseptic techniques for insertion and removal of the needle and
handling apparatus. |
To prevent puncture-site infection, osteomyelitis, and sepsis |
| Fix the needle, as well as the stents and catheters. |
To avoid the needle being pulled out, preventing loss of access,
leakage, and damage to the tissue and bone |
| Use a continuous infusion pump for fluids, drugs, and blood
components. |
To ensure the continuity and rate of infusion, which are not maintained
by gravity. Furthermore, as in the intravenous route, the alarms of
infusion pumps may indicate obstruction of the apparatus, which may
suggest infiltration. |
| Inject a 10 ml bolus of physiological saline (0.9%) every 4 hours. |
To prevent clogging of the device, the discontinuity of infusion, and
loss of the access. |
| Verify the operation and permeability of the apparatus. |
To avoid clogging of the apparatus and its consequences, such as loss of
access and disruption of the infusion, which would compromise the
patient's health. |
| Evaluate the presence of edema, erythema, and hypersensitivity at the
puncture site after removing the needle. |
To enable the early detection and treatment of complications, such as
bleeding and infiltration |
| Apply an occlusive, sterile-gauze dressing to the puncture site using
aseptic technique. |
To prevent contamination and reduce the risk of infection at the
puncture site |
| Support professional training and establish protocols for the
procedure. |
To increase the chances of success of the procedure, to instruct
professionals regarding their responsibilities in clinically managing the
access, and to provide safe and effective patient care |
