Table 1.
Clinical studies
| Author | Cell line | Design | Materials & Methods | Result | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Piva et al. | MCF-7-TamR CD44+CD24−/low |
In vitro In vivo |
PCR, Immunofluorecence Western blot FACS, Transient transfection and luciferase assay, Immunohistochemistry | Higher expression of Sox2 in TamR cells and higher expression of SCs | 92 |
| Bergheton et al. | PC9, HCC827, MGH006, NCI-H3122, HCC-78 | In vitro In vivo |
FISH, Western blot, | ROS1 positive patients with NSCLC are sensitive in crizotinib | 96 |
| Liu et al. | A549 LCSLCs | In vitro In vivo |
Western blot, serum-free suspension sphere forming culture method, MTT assay, mtrigel invasion assay, MMP-9 activity assay | Casticin suppress the proliferation of LCSLCs | 98 |
| Lee et al. | PT67.CD PT67.CD.TK HB1.F3 NSCs HFF-1 |
In vitro In vivo |
Migration assay, cell viability assay, NSCs engineered with double prodrug enzymes, PCR | Therapeutic effect of HB1.F3-CD.TK is comparable to HB1.F3-CD, double suicide gene therapy shows efficacy and eradicates NSCs | 58 |
| Altaner et al. | BM-MSCs AT-MSCs CDy-BM-MSCs CDy-AT-MSCs |
In vitro In vivo |
Animal experiments, stereotaxic cell implantation, implantation of 5-FC osmotic pumps and of a miniosmotic pump for ThSCs delivery, MRI | Effective therapy of glioblastoma treated with CDy-BM-MSCs, CDy-AT-MSCs after resection | 56 |
| Bagci-Onder et al. | Gli36, Gli36-EvIII-FmC U87MG U251 Gli79 LN229 A172 |
In vitro In vivo |
Western blot, immunohistochemistry, coculture experiments, lentiviral vectors (Pico2-Fluc.mCherry, LV-S-TRAIL, GFP), viability and caspace assay | Effective, PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, PI-103, increase response of glioma cells in S-TRAIL, reducing tumor volume | 63 |
| Kwon et al. | HB1.F3 NSCs | In vitro In vivo |
Engineering of NSCs in HB1.F3-CD, HB1. F3-CD/5-FC were cocultured with the HNSCC (SNU-1041), labeling of F3-CD cells with ferumoxides | Effective, HB1.F3-CD cells inhibited the growth of an HNSCC cell line in the presence of the 5-FC, with lower toxicity | 84 |
| Malecki et al. | Culture OVCAR Ascites and peritoneal washings | In vitro Ex vivo |
Genetically engineered recombinant DNases | Complete eradication of ovarian cancer cells | 89,69 |
| Kim et al. | SKOV-3 NIH3T3 MCF-7 Hec1a ovarian cells |
In vitro In vivo |
RNA extraction and reverse transcription-PCR, cell growth and migration assays | Effective, GESTCs expressing CD/CE, SKOV-3, with the prodrugs 5-FC or CPT-11 in the presence of HB1.F3.CD or HB1.F3.CE cells inhibits ovarian cancer cell growth | 87 |
| Chai et al. | E.coli DH-5α, plasmid pcDNA3.1, plasmid pIRES, Hep-2 | In vitro In vivo |
Gene transfection, PT-PCR, in vitro experiments on cytocidal effect, bystander effect, detection of TNF-α in the supernatant of in vitro cell culture | Effective, combined gene therapy of CD/5-FC and TNF-α in hep-2 cell line, inhibit tumor cell growth and induced anti-tumor immune response in animal models | 85 |
| Zheng et al. | A2780s HEK293 |
In vitro In vivo |
hpMSCs isolation and culture, hMSCs transfection and protein expression assays, hpMSCs were engineered to deliver endostatin via adenoviral transduction mediated by Lipofectamine 2000, quantitation of cell proliferation and angiogenic microvessel density, alginate encapsulation, analysis of apoptosis in tumor tissues, flow cytometry | Effective antitumor and antimetastatic effect of hpMSCs-Ad-Endo | 86 |
| Li et al. | OVK18#2 RAW 264.7 |
In vitro In vivo |
Synthesis of FA-PEG conjugate, FITC, mass spectrometry, FT-IR, H NMR, Dynamic light scattering and zeta potential, siRNA recovery, ANOVA, flowcytometry, western blot, RT-qPCR | Effective, siRNA/FA-PEG-COL nanoparticles induces inhibition of HIF-1α and tumor proliferation | 90 |
| Shinagawa et al. | hMSCs KM12SM |
In vitro In vivo |
Quantification of MSCs and phosphorylation of PDGFR-β in MSCs, immunohistochemistry, migration and proliferation assay, western blot, RT-PTCR, | Effective, imatinib inhibits tumor-tropism and growth of colon cancer | 99 |
| Lin et al. | HT 29 human colon cancer | In vitro In vivo |
Flowcytometry, western blot, immunohistochemistry, production of shRNA lentiviral vectors | Effective, CD133+ colon cancer cells are responsible for the resistance in antiangiogenetic treatment, through the activation of Hsp27, MAPKAPK2, p38MAPK, PP2A anti-apoptotic signaling pathways | 100 |
| Li et al. | Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma | In vivo | Tissue was minced and digested with collagenase IV, flow cytometry, implantation of PCCs and tumor spheres in NOD/SCID mice, immunoblot, bioluminescent Imaging | Effective, pancreatic tumors express c-Met and its inhibition reduce tumor growth and CSCs | 103 |
| Van den Broeck et al. | Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | In vivo | Whole-genome expression, analysis by microarray, development of gene signature, n counter analysis, immunohistochemistry | Effective, PDAC contains a subpopulation of CSCs presented chemoresistance | 107 |
| Mohamed et al. | Melanoma tissue microarray | In vitro | Immunohistochemistry | CD 271 expression in melanomas is associated with increased frequency of metastases, c-kit is associated with good prognosis and improved outcome | 110 |
| Schatton et al. | Melanoma cells | In vitro In vivo |
Flow cytometry, RT-PCR, ELISPOT, ELISA | Identification of T cell-modulatory functions of ABCB5+ melanoma SCs subpopulations | 111 |
| Aikawa et al. | AML cells | In vitro In vivo |
Generation of AML mouse models, administration of AP20187, imatinib, or Ki20227, immunofluorescency, immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting | MOZ fusion proteins stimulate PU1-mediated transcription of CSF1R. High expression of CSFR1 can induce AML | 118 |
| Dwyer et al. | BM-MSCs | In vitro In vivo |
Adenoviral infection, detection of NIS expression, PT-PCR, 99mTcO4− imaging of NIS-transfected MSCs, immunohistochemistry, imaging of MSC-NIS engraftment | Effective, in breast cancer MSCs/NIS delivery system decrease tumor growth | 52 |
| Grisendi et al. | HeLa AD-MSCs |
In vitro In vivo |
Isolation of TRAIL cDNA, vector production, and AD-MSC transduction, fluorescence, ELISA, Apoptosis and caspase-8 activation assays, PCR, histochemistry | Effective, MSCs/TRAIL induce apoptosis of cancer cells | 53 |
| Chiocca et al. | Glioma cells | In vivo | Injection of AdV-tk after surgical resection, treated with valacyclovir, MGMT analysis, chemoradiotherapy, QOL, PCR, immunohistochemistry | Effective, AdV-TK/valacyclovir in combination with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy with temozolomide, demonstrated a stable or improved quality of life and increase overall survival | 62 |
TamR: Tamoxifen resistant cells, FACS: fluorescence activating cell sorting, qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction, MX: mitoxantrone, VACV: vaccinia virus, FISH: fluorescent in situ hybridization, MTT: 3-(4,5-cimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, LCSLCs: lung cancer stem-like cells, CDy-BM-MSCs: yeast cytosine deaminase bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, CDy-AT-MSCs: yeast cytosine deaminase adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells, HNSCC: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, hpMSCs: human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells, GESTCs: genetically engineered stem cells, CD: cytosine deaminase, CE: carboxyl esterase, 5-FC: 5 fluorocytosine, CTP-11: camptothecin-11, FA-PEG: folic acid–poly ethylene glycol, FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate, FT-IR: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, H NMR: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ANOVA: analysis of variance, PP2A: Protein phosphatase 2A, PCCs: pancreatic cancer cells, ELISPOT: enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot, AML: acute myeloid leukemia, MOZ: leukemia zinc finger gene, CSF1R: macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor 1, NIS: sodium iodide symporter, QOL: quality of life, MGMT: unmethylated O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, AdV-Tk: adenoviral vector containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene.