Table 4. Antimicrobial activity of fresh clover honey in comparison to 16 antibiotics.
Antibacterial agent | Inhibition zone diameter (mm) |
||||
Ec | Se | Lm | Sa | ||
Clover honey* | Crude | 38 | 31 | 35 | 36 |
Water diluted (33% w/v) | 42 | 38 | 43 | 40 | |
Autoclaved | 35 | 28 | 31 | 29 | |
Antibiotics** | Streptomycin 10 µg | 28 | 30 | 19 | 36 |
Ampicillin 10 µg | 28 | 30 | 28 | 38 | |
Erthryomycin E 10 µg | 20 | 28 | 13 | - | |
Neomycin 30 µg | - | 28 | 14 | 32 | |
Chloramphenicol 30 µg | 7 | 25 | 22 | 25 | |
Zinnnat cmx 30 µg | 20 | 16 | - | 26 | |
Germycin 10 µg | 24 | 28 | - | 32 | |
Augmentin 30 µg | 30 | 35 | 30 | 46 | |
Rocephen 30 µg | 28 | 18 | 7 | 30 | |
Pyopen 100 µg | 36 | 22 | 12 | 22 | |
Rifadn 30 µg | 8 | 24 | 17 | 16 | |
Colistin sulfate 10 µg | 18 | 24 | 15 | 32 | |
Claforan 30 µg | 18 | - | - | 18 | |
Amiks 30 µg | 30 | 22 | - | 38 | |
Penicillin 10 µg | - | - | - | 20 | |
Negram 30 µg | 19 | 25 | - | 8 |
Ec: E. coli, Se: S. entretides, Lm: L. monacytogenes, Sa: S. aureus. *: well-diffusion assay (8 mm well with 200 µL honey), **: disc diffusion assay.